2006年四川省大骨节病病情调查结果分析

目的 了解四川省大骨节病病情现状.方法 对20个大骨节病病区县进行儿童右手X线检查、成人大骨节病病情调查,采集儿童发样及当地主食粮样进行含硒量检测.结果 儿童临床检出率平均为1.02%;X线检出率平均为2.12%(0～13.16%),其中10.00%及以上的病区村有13个.成人临床检出率平均为27.02%(3.34%～53.08%),其中Ⅰ度16.73%、Ⅱ度7.79%、Ⅲ度2.49%.儿童发硒水平平均为(0.289±0.079)mg/kg,粮食硒水平平均为(0.023±0.021)mg/kg.结论 四川省大部分地区儿童大骨节病病情处于控制或基本控制范围,但局部地区尚处于较高新发病水平,成人大骨节病病情较为严重.     

某部队急性腹泻病监测报告 Ⅰ.流行病学部分

１９９１年６月～１９９２年５月在驻粤某部队进行了急性腹泻病的主动监测。年发病率为０．６４～１．０次／人／年。发病率与相对湿度（Ｘ２）、气温（Ｘ３），特别是雨量（Ｘ１）的关系经多元回归分析表明呈正相关。ｙ＝１．９８＋０．０２ｘ１＋０．０２ｘ２＋０．０７ｘ３，ｒ＝０．８７２７，Ｐ＜０．０１。病例－对照研究结果提示，饭前、便后不洗手等生活习惯用腹泻发病有密切关系。２６．３％的患者有淋雨、腹部受凉或感冒等     

中国大陆首例广州管圆线虫病区流行病学的调查

本文报告1984年10月在广东省徐闻县友好农场首例广州管圆线虫病区进行的流行病学调查。家鼠、褐云玛瑙螺、足襞蛞蝓、黑眶蟾蜍的感染率分别为28.57%(4/14)、33.83%(158/467)、29.19%(54/185)、4.76%(2/42)。并对徐闻县地理概况和人群进行了调查(生活习惯、卫生习惯、病史回顾、血涂片检查末梢血液嗜酸性粒细胞)。对于人群感染不多的原因,作者从感染途径(皮肤感染)、感染方式(食螺方式)进行了探讨。本调查资料为当地群众防治本病提供资料。     

Hepatitis B and Delta virus infection among heterosexuals,homosexuals and bisexual men

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection rates were estimated in patients attending a venereal disease outpatient clinic: 759 heterosexuals and 154 homosexual-bisexual men. The anti-HBC prevalence was higher in homo-bisexual men (68.8 per 100) than in heterosexuals (41.8 per 100), whereas HBsAg was roughly the same in the two groups (about 6 per 100). The anti-HBc prevalence rate among heterosexuals was higher than that estimated in hospital personnel from the same geographical area. A positive association between anti-HBc prevalence and present or past sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was found among homo-bisexual men. Anti-HBc was also positively associated with herpes simplex type 2 antibodies in both heterosexuals and homo-bisexual men. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that sexual behavior also plays a role in the spread of infection among heterosexuals. Ten of the 46 HBsAg-positive subjects were anti-HDV positive: 6 of the 36 heterosexuals and 4 of the 10 homosexuals. All HDV-positive subjects had present or past STDs. These findings suggest sexual transmission of HDV infection.     

Seizure Disorders: The Changes With Age

Summary: Age has a profound influence on our approach to the convulsive disorders. Age is a variable which is an important determinant for risk factors for epilepsy. Age, as a surrogate of brain maturation, is a determinant of the specific characteristics of the seizure disorder in those with epilepsy, and age-related changes in these manifestations can be identified. Age is a determinant for the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures in several types of metabolic or central nervous system insults. Age is a determinant for prognosis, whether one considers remission, medication withdrawal in those entering remission, relapse following prolonged remission, or mortality. Last, age per se seems to be a risk factor for epilepsy independent of other factors. This seems particularly true for partial seizures.     

不同人群生殖道解脲支原体感染症流行病学研究

本文报告了对２８１名女性性乱者和３００名正常对照妇女生殖道解脲支原体（Ｕｕ）感染状况的流行病学研究。性乱妇女生殖道Ｕｕ感染率为５４．４５％，其他性病患病率为２４．５６％，而正常对照妇女分别为２８．６７％和０．６７％，差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。分析结果表明：生殖道Ｕｕ感染的主要流行因素为性生活混乱、性伴数多、性活动初始年龄较小、社会经济地位低、文化程度差等；性接触是主要传播途径；选用避孕套     

A survey of Q-fever in Sweden

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q-fever has recently been isolated from sheep in southern Sweden. In this region 24–30% of sheep farmers have been exposed to the organism as shown by serological measurements. In veterinarians, another group with high risk of exposure to C. burnetii, about 12% have antibodies to the bacteria. The seropositive veterinarians are scattered all over the country. In two non-risk groups, draftees and hospital employees, 5–7% were found to be positive. This survey showed that Q-fever is a domestic disease which is spread throughout Sweden.     

A 1-year study of the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Tunisia

This 1-year (September 2000 to August 2001) prospective study investigated the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the population of Monastir, Tunisia (86 serum samples), in the influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants, and in shellfish harvested in the coastal areas of Monastir, Bizerte and Sfax (January 2001 to May 2001). The virus was detected by RT-PCR using primers targeted at the VP3-VP1 region. An epidemic of HAV infection was observed during the winter months, with a peak in January. The presence of the virus was relatively constant in the influents and effluents of the wastewater treatment plants, and the virus was found in shellfish from the Monastir area during the months of January and February. The genotype IA strain was recovered most frequently from human serum and wastewater samples. The observation that the peak of the epidemic was during the winter months suggests that transmission of HAV is related to climatic factors and, presumably, to shellfish consumption.     

痧斯病(SARS)

严重急性呼吸道综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome，SARS)是由SARS相关冠状病毒(SCV)引起的一种新的烈性呼吸遗传染病。急性期重症病例肺部病变为严重的急性间质性渗出性炎，类似呼吸窘迫综合征的病理特征。肺外器官主要为出血坏死性炎。临床诊断是一个动态的过程，随着对SARS认识的加深，诊断标准将会不新完善。文中对命名进行了讨论，中文名建议用痧斯病。     

哈尔滨市动力区7—10岁儿童多动症流行病学调查

目的了解市动力区７～１０岁儿童多动症的发病情况及其有关因素。方法采用分层整群抽样法对１３７７名儿童进行多动症的流行病学调查，主要以ＤＳＭ—Ⅲ中的ＡＤＤ诊断标准为参考综合诊断病例。结果多动症检出率为６．８９％（９５例／１３７７）；父母为工人、父文化为小学或文盲的，检出率最高，分别为７．３４％、７．７２％及８．７７％；父母大学文化的检出率最低（５．１６％和２．８３％）；母孕期经受负性生活事件及家庭环境不良是多动症发病的危险因素。结论哈市动力区７～１０岁多动症检出率较高；与发病有关的因素复杂多样。