充气法单孔腔镜保留乳房手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的探讨充气法单孔腔镜保留乳房(简称保乳)手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用。 方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年11月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院诊断为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌且行保乳手术的102例患者临床资料，其中行单孔法腔镜保乳手术者48例(腔镜组)，行开放保乳手术者54例(开放组)，对患者的手术时间、美容效果、并发症及复发情况进行评估。2组患者间手术时间、美容效果的比较采用两独立样本的t检验。 结果102例患者均成功完成相应单孔法腔镜保乳或开放保乳手术，其中腔镜组手术时间为(184.2±76.2) min，开放组手术时间为(127.8±68.4) min，2组相比，差异有统计学意义(t＝3.923, P<0.001)。术后2个月进行美容效果评估：腔镜组美容效果评分明显高于开放组[(11.2±0.8)分比(9.1±0.9)分，t＝6.407, P<0.001]。2组患者术后均无皮肤坏死、活动性出血、感染等并发症。中位随访时间11.2个月，2组患者均无局部复发或远处转移病例。 结论充气法单孔腔镜保乳手术在保证早期乳腺癌肿瘤根治性的同时，可以较开放保乳手术获得更好的美容效果。     

综合护理干预对鼻内镜鼻窦手术后口干症的改善效果观察

探讨综合护理干预对功能性内镜鼻窦手术（FESS）患者术后口干症的改善效果。     

Routine preoperative endoscopy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

BackgroundThe role of routine preoperative endoscopy before primary weight loss surgery remains controversial.ObjectiveWe reviewed our experience to determine the frequency of abnormal findings in patients undergoing routine preoperative endoscopy before bariatric surgery.SettingA tertiary level, academic-affiliated bariatric surgery practice.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed between July 2014 and June 2016 of patients undergoing routine preoperative endoscopy before primary bariatric surgery. Variables evaluated included preendoscopy symptoms, planned bariatric surgical procedure, abnormal findings on endoscopy, and changes in planned bariatric surgical procedure after endoscopy.ResultsA total of 631 patients met inclusion criteria. Of patients, 72% (457) were female. The median age was 44 (interquartile range 36–55). The median body mass index was 46 (interquartile range 42–51). Most patients had no preendoscopy clinical symptoms (61.3%). The most frequent abnormal findings included esophagitis (26.5%), hiatal hernia (27.1%), gastric ulcer (4.9%), and biopsy-proven Barrett’s esophagus (4.6%). Although patients with preoperative symptoms were more likely to have abnormal findings on endoscopy, there were no significant differences in rates of Barrett’s esophagus in patients with (5.3%) or without (4.1%) symptoms. Of the total cohort, 18.4% had a change in their planned operation after endoscopy results.ConclusionThe findings in our large series suggest selective screening in symptomatic patients only may lead to failure of discovery of foregut pathology that should prompt consideration for changes in the planned bariatric surgical procedure. Further study is necessary to see if our findings have broad applicability.     

下咽埋藏性异物的临床处理策略

目的总结下咽埋藏性异物的诊治经验及探讨手术径路的选择。方法回顾武汉市第一医院耳鼻咽喉科近6年就诊的12例下咽埋藏性异物患者的临床资料，对患者临床表现、异物种类、异物埋藏部位、取出或手术方式、病情转归等进行总结分析，所有患者随访半年以上。结果12例患者中，6例经口内镜下直接切开取出，或在等离子刀或CO2激光辅助下切开取出；3例行颈侧入路取出；1例电子喉镜下成功取出；1例自行消失；1例未做处理、异物在观察期内包埋机化。结论下咽埋藏性异物的诊断及定位依赖于影像学检查，取出方式取决于异物埋藏的部位，首选经口内镜下取出，必要时行颈侧切开径路。     

Sialendoscopy plus laser lithotripsy in sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in 64 patients: A simple and safe procedure

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the safety and efficiency of holmium laser-assisted lithotripsy during sialendoscopy of the submandibular gland using a retrospective, interventional consecutive case series.MethodsWe performed 374 sialendoscopies between 2008 and 2015 and evaluated all patients regarding clinical symptoms, clinical findings, therapy and outcome. We performed 109 procedures of holmium laser-assisted lithotripsy in 64 patients whose sialoliths measured 5 mm or more in diameter. In addition to retrospective case note reviews, we performed telephone interviews of all patients in January 2017.ResultsWe performed 374 consecutive submandibular gland sialendoscopy procedures in 276 patients between 2008 to 2015. Sialolithiasis had either previously been diagnosed, or symptoms highly suggestive of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland presented in 197 patients.Holmium laser-assisted Laser lithotripsy was performed in 109 cases (64.9%). Smaller mobile concrement was removed directly either by forceps or wire basket, or following marsupialisation of the submandibular duct. This was the case in 88 patients (29.1%). Three patients (0.8%) required surgical removal of the submandibular gland due to early abscess. The majority of patients (n = 374 procedures; 90.1%) remained symptom-free after two or more years following intervention. In the remaining procedures (n = 37 procedures; 9.9%), patients reported discreet postprandial problems but did not seek medical attention. In total, we managed to preserve the submandibular gland and avoid open surgery in 99% of patients through endoscopic management of submandibular concrement and duct stenosis.ConclusionHolmium laser-assisted lithotripsy is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for treating patients with sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland. Removal of the gland is rarely required, and removing the gland without prior sialendoscopy is no longer recommended. It should be offered to all patients with submandibular gland sialolithiasis, or such patients should be referred to the appropriate centre for sialendoscopy before submandibulectomy is considered.     

70°鼻内镜在新生儿先天性会厌囊肿的诊断

新生儿先天性会厌囊肿是一种较为少见的先天性疾病，1881年由Abercrombic命名，1970年De Sant比较详细的描述本病的病理、病因及治疗，此后国内渐有报道[1～4]。本病多见于新生儿期，容易误诊，若不及时诊治可发生严重并发症，甚至导致患儿窒息死亡。