Attachment loss with postmenopausal age and smoking

To determine whether postmenopausal bone loss and factors associated with osteoporosis affect tooth retention, we examined vertebral and proximal femoral (postcranial) bone mineral density in relation to tooth loss and attachment loss in a cross-sectional study of 135 postmenopausal women (age range 41–70 yr). Women had at least 10 teeth and no evidence of moderate or severe periodontal disease. Full-mouth attachment loss measurements were made using a pressure-sensitive probe, and bone density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Attachment loss was correlated with tooth loss (number of remaining teeth, radiologically determined), but not with vertebral or proximal femur bone density. Multivariate analysis showed current smoking (p = 0.01), years since menopause (p = 0.02) and the interaction of age and current smoking (p < 0.01), to be statistically significant predictors of attachment loss in our study population.     

An acute injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide modulates the OPG/RANKL system and interleukin-6 in an ovariectomized mouse model

Background/aims:  In the present study, we attempted to develop a simulated model to explore the causal effects of periodontal pathogens on skeletal homeostasis in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Methods:  Fifty-three female adult ICR mice were randomly assigned to an experimental group (ovariectomized) or a control group. A single injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide ( P. gingivalis -LPS, ATCC 33277) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide ( E. coli -LPS) was administered intraperitoneally 4 weeks after an ovariectomy. Concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in serum were subsequently analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:  Under stimulation with P. gingivalis -LPS or E. coli -LPS, the concentration of OPG rose in both groups. The serum level of RANKL showed a decreasing trend 24 h after the injection in both groups. After injection of P. gingivalis -LPS in both the experimental and control animals, the OPG : RANKL ratio increased 24 h after the booster (22.26–620.99, P  < 0.05). The serum level of IL-6 in the experimental group significantly increased 1–6 h after administration of E. coli -LPS and 1–3 h after administration of P. gingivalis -LPS ( P  < 0.05).
Conclusions:  A single booster injection of P. gingivalis -LPS induced short-term changes in OPG, RANKL, and IL-6 serum levels in this ovariectomized mouse model.     

An acute injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide modulates the OPG/RANKL system and interleukin‐6 in an ovariectomized mouse model

Background/aims: In the present study, we attempted to develop a simulated model to explore the causal effects of periodontal pathogens on skeletal homeostasis in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: Fifty‐three female adult ICR mice were randomly assigned to an experimental group (ovariectomized) or a control group. A single injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis‐LPS, ATCC 33277) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli‐LPS) was administered intraperitoneally 4 weeks after an ovariectomy. Concentrations of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) in serum were subsequently analyzed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Under stimulation with P. gingivalis‐LPS or E. coli‐LPS, the concentration of OPG rose in both groups. The serum level of RANKL showed a decreasing trend 24 h after the injection in both groups. After injection of P. gingivalis‐LPS in both the experimental and control animals, the OPG : RANKL ratio increased 24 h after the booster (22.26–620.99, P < 0.05). The serum level of IL‐6 in the experimental group significantly increased 1–6 h after administration of E. coli‐LPS and 1–3 h after administration of P. gingivalis‐LPS (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A single booster injection of P. gingivalis‐LPS induced short‐term changes in OPG, RANKL, and IL‐6 serum levels in this ovariectomized mouse model.     

手法复位小夹板固定配合接骨续筋汤治疗老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折临床观察

目的 观察手法复位小夹板固定配合接骨续筋汤治疗老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折的临床疗效。方法 将68例老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例。两组患者均接受手法复位小夹板固定治疗,并给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上内服接骨续筋汤治疗。观察并记录两组患者治疗前,治疗1、2周后视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,患侧肿胀情况,治疗4、8周后骨折愈合X线评分,并记录骨折愈合时间;骨折愈合后采用Garland-Werley评分对腕关节的活动功能进行评价;治疗90 d后,对两组患者的临床疗效进行评价。结果 治疗1、2周后,两组VAS评分及患侧肿胀度均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组VAS评分和患侧肿胀度均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗8周后,两组骨折愈合X线评分均较治疗4周后显著上升（P＜0.05）,且治疗组骨折愈合X线评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,治疗组骨折愈合时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）,Garland-Werley评分显著降低（P＜0.05）。治疗90 d后,两组临床疗效的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。结论 在手法复位小夹板固定基础上服用接骨续筋汤可提高老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折的疗效,能有效缓解患者骨折后疼痛、肿胀程度,缩短骨折愈合时间,改善腕关节活动功能。     

非编码RNA调控骨质疏松症骨重建机制及补肾壮骨类中医药治疗机制研究进展

非编码RNA (non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs)是一种缺乏蛋白编码功能但可以影响染色体结构、基因转录及参与表观遗传调控的特殊RNA,主要包括长链非编码RNA、微小RNA等。近年来研究发现,这些ncRNAs主要通过影响骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)的骨吸收与骨形成来维持其骨重建。明确ncRNAs在OP发生发展中的调控机制可能是未来治疗OP药物药效筛选的关键靶点。由于中医将OP归属于“骨痹”范畴,根据中医的“肾主骨生髓”理论,临床主要采用补肾壮骨类方药来治疗OP,且疗效显著。已有研究发现,补肾壮骨类方药可通过上调或下调ncRNA的表达来增强成骨细胞增殖或抑制破骨细胞分化,最终维持了OP骨稳态,从而发挥疗效,但其具体分子机制仍处于探索阶段。故本文通过总结近年来补肾壮骨类方药通过调控ncRNAs治疗OP的分子机制,以期为治疗OP药物药效关键靶点的筛选和中医药防治OP提供新思路。     

葛根素防治骨质疏松症的作用机制研究进展

我国骨质疏松症的患病率高,是老年患者致残和致死的主要原因之一。葛根素是葛根中主要活性成分,可促进成骨细胞的增殖分化、抑制骨吸收和破骨细胞的分化形成、促进骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨分化、发挥雌激素样作用。综述了葛根素防治骨质疏松症的作用机制研究进展,为深入开展葛根素治疗骨质疏松症的基础研究和新药开发提供参考。     

关于Kümmell病的研究进展

Kümmell病(Kümmell's disease, KD)是人在轻微创伤以后,以延迟的方式发生椎体缺血性坏死。KD表现为迟发性椎体压缩性骨折,最常见的病变部位为胸腰椎交界处。KD患者常有轻微创伤史,虽然术后疼痛消失,但症状经常复发并且加重,多年后出现后凸畸形。KD的确诊不仅要依靠影像学技术,也需结合患者的病史、临床症状综合分析,由创伤引起的椎管内骨折被认为是KD诊断中最重要的特征。KD患者可根据是否有神经功能缺损而采取不同的治疗方案,对于无神经功能缺损的KD患者,可采取保守治疗、经皮椎体成形术、后凸成形术等方法治疗。对于有神经缺损的KD患者,可采用前路重建、后路截骨术等方法治疗。但以上方法常常伴有骨水泥的渗漏。随着现代医学与科技的发展,临床医师为了减少骨水泥的渗漏,在经皮椎体成形术、后凸成形术、前路重建、后路截骨术的基础上对手术做出了一系列改良,有效地减少了并发症的发生,提高了患者的生活质量。     

FRAX在青海地区不同民族2型糖尿病患者骨折风险评估的临床应用

目的探讨骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)对青海地区汉族、回族、藏族2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者骨折风险评估的临床应用价值。方法随机选择2018年12月至2020年10月青海大学附属医院收治的符合纳入与排除标准的研究对象324例,收集所选患者的FRAX中相关骨折危险因素,在FRAX中录入相关指标后计算3组患者未来10年髋部骨折概率(PHF)及主要部位骨折概率(PMOF);根据民族将其分为汉、回、藏3组,比较三民族PMOF及PHF的差异;根据代入与不代入股骨颈骨密度T值分为FRAX(BMD-T)组和FRAX组,比较代入和不代入BMD-T时各民族PMOF及PHF的差异;以股骨颈骨密度T值≤-2.5为干预治疗金标准,运用ROC曲线确定本地区最佳干预阈值。结果①三民族代入和不代入BMD-T时PMOF和PHF差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②三民族PHF在男性人群中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性无差异(P>0.05);而三民族PMOF在男性、女性人群中差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。③FRAX预测未来10年PMOF的ROC曲线下面积为0.986(P<0.001),cutoff值为3.80%,PHF的ROC曲线下面积为0.993(P<0.001),cutoff值为2.00%。结论①FRAX中代入BMD-T能更准确评估本地区T2DM患者骨折风险并指导治疗,当PMOF≥3.8%或PHF≥高于2.0%时即需要干预治疗。②三民族男性患者中汉族PHF最高,回族、藏族无差异,PMOF三民族间无差异;女性患者中PHF、PMOF三民族间无差异。     

肠道菌群在骨质疏松症中的研究进展

一直以来,人们将肠道菌群称为一个“被遗忘的多细胞器官”。随着现代医学研究的不断发展,肠道菌群与骨质疏松症之间的相关性已经成为近年骨科领域的研究热点,加之广泛的临床和基础研究结果,已经证实肠道菌群的稳态对调控人体健康至关重要,其紊乱会引起及加重包括骨质疏松为代表的多种慢性疾患。笔者对近年来骨质疏松与肠道菌群相关研究文献进行综述,并重点探讨通过调节紊乱的肠道菌群,从而治疗骨质疏松的相关作用机制,以期为临床预防及治疗骨质疏松提供新思路。     

铁调素通过降低铁蓄积干预绝经后骨质疏松症的研究进展

绝经后骨质疏松症是常见的全身代谢性疾病之一,越来越多的研究表明铁代谢与骨质疏松症的关系密切。绝经后女性常常合并铁蓄积状态,铁蓄积为绝经后骨质疏松症的独立危险因素之一,而铁调素作为机体铁代谢和铁稳态的主要调节者,通过铁调素降低铁蓄积可能成为干预绝经后骨质疏松症的新靶点之一。因此本文拟对铁调素通过降低铁蓄积干预绝经后骨质疏松症的研究进展做一综述,以期为绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗及新药开发提供理论参考依据。