Detection of Bovine Papilloma Viruses in Wart‐Like Lesions of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle and Buffaloes

In present investigation, etiopathological characterization of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumours of cattle and buffaloes was undertaken. A total of 27 GIT wart‐like lesions in rumen, reticulum, mouth and oesophagus of cattle and buffaloes revealed the presence of small nodular to larger spherical or slender growths with thin base present on mucosa and ruminal pillar. Histopathologically, these cases were diagnosed as fibropapilloma/papilloma. This is the first world record on ruminal papillomatosis in buffaloes. Ruminal warts of cattle and buffaloes revealed the presence of BPV‐5, ‐1 & ‐2, which is the first report of presence of these BPVs in the ruminal warts from India. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that DNA samples of different GIT wart‐like lesions contained varying amount of BPV DNA copy numbers. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the PCNA and Ki67 immunopositivity was present in the basal and spinosum layer of the fibropapilloma/papilloma, indicating these as the cellular proliferation site. In conclusion, the present investigation revealed that BPV‐5, ‐1 & ‐2 are associated with certain ruminal wart‐like lesions/growths in cattle and buffaloes, and the basal and spinosum layer of the ruminal fibropapilloma/papilloma were cellular proliferation sites.     

Primary small cell carcinoma of prostate without immunoreactive neuroendocrine proteins but with expressions of KIT and platelet‐derived growth factor‐α

Primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare. Herein reported is a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate with immunohistochemical examination of KIT and platelet‐derived growth factor‐α. The present case is unique in that the small cell carcinoma did not express neuroendocrine antigens. A 68‐year‐old man was found to have high serum prostate‐specific antigen, and biopsy showed malignant small tumor cells fulfilling the small cell carcinoma criteria of the World Health Organization. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for pan‐cytokeratin, KIT, platelet‐derived growth factor‐α, p53, Ki‐67 labeling = 65%, prostate‐specific antigen and alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase. Tumor cells were negative for vimentin, CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin and neuron‐specific enolase. Imaging modalities showed multiple metastases, and the patient was treated by chemotherapy. The present report is the fifth with immunohistochemistry of prostatic small cell carcinoma.     

Malignant Adenomyoepithelioma of the Breast: A Review

Malignant adenomyoepithelioma (MAME) of the breast is a rare lesion characterized by dual population of epithelial and myoepithelial cells which one or both components show malignant features. We report a case of MAME of the breast in a 46‐year‐old woman diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration with extensive review of the literature. Classification, clinical presentation, cyto‐pathologic, and immunohistochemical features are described. This lesion showed both malignant components of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in cytology and histology. The malignancy was convincingly supported by high mitotic figures, pleomorphism, and invasion in tissue sections. This review of MAMEs showed that cyto‐histologic diagnosis is difficult and should be supported by immunohistochemical study.     

Effect of Ki‐67 on Immunohistochemical Classification of Luminal A to Luminal B Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma

It has recently been proposed to include an immunohistochemical marker of cell proliferation, Ki‐67, as an element with which to classify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of the Ki‐67 marker on the molecular classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. This study was performed on 234 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast submitted to two immunohistochemical classification panels, one including Ki‐67 and the other not. The data obtained with the two classifications were correlated with well‐established prognostic factors such as histologic grade, the number of lymph nodes affected and tumor size. The molecular classification without Ki‐67 identified: 136 cases of luminal A (58.1%), 19 cases of luminal B (8.1%), 27 cases of human epidermal growth‐factor receptor 2 overexpressing (11.5%), 27 cases of basal‐like (11.5%), and 25 cases of nonbasal‐like triple‐negative tumors (10.7%). When Ki‐67 was included, this situation changed significantly, with the following cases being identified: 72 cases of luminal A (30.8%) and 83 cases of luminal B tumors (35.5%), resulting in a Kappa score of 0.216. Evaluation of correlations between the luminal A and luminal B tumor subtypes and the selected prognostic factors showed a statistically significant difference only when Ki‐67 was included and only with respect to histologic grade (p < 0.001). The new classification with Ki‐67 significantly altered the prevalence of the luminal A and luminal B subtypes and improved correlation with the histologic grade.     

小鼠cbfa1多克隆抗体制备及在骨和牙胚中的表达

目的　制备cbfa1多克隆抗体并进行鉴定和效价分析 ,观察其在骨和牙胚中的表达情况。方法　用自制的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔 ,制备多抗血清 ,提取小鼠牙胚、颅骨和肝脏组织的总蛋白进行westernblot ,同时采用免疫组化染色观察其组织表达特性。结果　cbfa1蛋白在小鼠颅骨和牙胚组织中均有表达 ,在人骨肉瘤细胞系中呈强阳性表达。在免疫组化和westernblot的有效作用滴度分别为 1:40 0和 1:10 0 0。结论　成功地制备了兔抗小鼠cbfa1多克隆抗体