两种椎间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

目的 比较腰椎经椎间孔椎间植骨融合术(TLIF)与腰椎后路椎间植骨融合术(PLIF)治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的效果.方法 对120例腰椎滑脱症患者分别采用TLIF(60例)与PLIF(60例).回顾两组患者的临床资料,比较两种植骨方式术后植骨融合率及临床症状改善情况.结果 随访16～35个月(平均23个月).所有手术均获得成功.所有患者所有节段均获骨性融合,未见融合器后移及沉陷.无并发感染.JOA评分:TLIF组优良率83.3%,PLIF组优良率81.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术总优良率为82.5%.滑脱率、复位率术后与术前比较都有明显改善(P＜0.01);两组复位率丢失程度相似(P＞0.05).椎间隙高度及椎间孔高度:术前、术后相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),两组之间相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组丢失率相近(P＞0.05).结论 TLIF与PLIF治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效相近,TLIF单侧植入椎间融合器,较PLIF简便安全.     

Symptoms in relation to the level of spondylolysis

Summary Spondylolysis usually occurs in the fifth lumbar vertebra, which with the rest of the lumbosacral junction may be hypoplastic. About 10% of spondylolysis occurs in the fourth lumbar vertebra which is usually normal radiologically. The present work studies the hitherto unknown prognostic value of the lysis level in relation to symptoms.A comparison was made between 213 patients with lysis at L5 and 42 patients with lysis at L4. The frequency and intensity of low back pain, the need for treatment, change of work, sickleave, and sick pension caused by low-back symptoms were noted during a period of more than 20 years. Pain frequency and intensity and functional impairment were consistently higher in the L4 group. The differences were particularly evident between the two subgroups when there was a marked vertebral slip. It is concluded that the level of spondylolysis is of significance in the occurrence of low-back symptoms.

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Résumé La spondylolyse siège habituellement sur la 5ème vertèbre lombaire qui peut être hypoplasique, de même que l'ensemble de la jonction lombosacrée. Environ 10% des spondylolyses siègent au niveau de la 4ème lombaire qui est en règle radiologiquement normale. Ce travail étudie la valeur pronostique, inconnue jusqu'ici, du niveau de la spondylolyse sur la symptomatologie.On a comparé 232 malades porteurs d'une spondylolyse de L5 et 42 malades dont la lyse siègeait à L4. La fréquence et l'intensité de la lombalgie, la nécessité d'un traitement, le changement de travail, les arrêts pour maladie et les pensions justifiés par les symptômes lombaires ont été notés pendant une période de plus de 20 ans. Les douleurs et le handicap fonctionnel étaient notablement plus importants dans le groupe L4. Les différences étaient encore plus marquées entre les deux sous-groupes lorsqu'il existait un important glissement vertébral. On peut en conclure que le niveau de la spondylolyse est un élément valable de pronostic en ce qui concerne la symptomatologie lombaire.

     

Operative treatment of symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis and mild isthmic spondylolisthesis in young patients: direct repair of the defect or segmental spinal fusion?

Summary The results of 23 patients with symptomatic spondylolysis or mild isthmic spondylolisthesis treated by Scott's direct repair of the defect (secclusion) were analyzed with particular reference to spinal mobility and the condition of the intervertebral discs, and compared with the outcome of 25 patients treated by posterolateral segmental fusion without instrumentation. The two groups were comparable as to age at operation (17.4±5.7 vs. 15.6±2.6 years), follow-up time (54±8 vs. 54±25 months), gender, and preoperative subjective symptoms. The mean preoperative vertebral slip was greater in the fusion group (7.2±8.4 vs. 13.1±4, P=0.003). The follow-up assessment was carried out by an independent observer. It included an interview, Oswestry questionnaire, pain scale drawing, physical examination, plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional testing (lumbar spine mobility, static lifting power). For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test, the x² test, and the paired t-test were used. At follow-up, 87% of the Scott's group and 96% of the fusion group had occasional pain, not interfering with daily activities, or no pain at all. There was no statistical difference in the subjective, clinical, or functional outcome between the two operation groups. Plain radiographs in both groups showed significant loss of disc height in the operated segment during follow-up, indicating post-operative progression of disc degeneration. In flexion/extension radiographs the total range of movement in the three lowermost lumbar segments was slightly greater after secclusion. This difference was not significant. In MRI there was no statistical difference in disc hydration index between the two groups. The condition of the disc above the fusion was not worse than that of the corresponding disc above the secclusion. There was no correlation between pathologic disc findings in MRI and clinical outcome. It is concluded that in a small group of young patients the early results both after direct repair of the defect and after segmental fusion are satisfactory in the majority of cases. At this point of follow-up it is impossible to say which of the two procedures should be preferred for operative treatment of this condition in young patients. Direct repair does not protect the disc of the lytic/olisthetic segment from further degeneration. Pathologic disc changes in MRI should be interpreted with caution because their clinical relevance is still unclear.     

腰椎椎弓崩裂并滑脱的CT诊断及临床意义

笔者报告２５例腰椎椎弓崩裂并滑脱的ＣＴ表现，发现椎弓崩裂表现为椎弓峡部的裂隙状低密度。滑椎下缘相邻间盘的相对性前、后膨是ＣＴ诊断腰椎滑脱的主要线索和依据。滑椎下缘相邻间盘的相对后膨和向后上方的突出可推压硬膜囊和滑椎相对应的神经根。     

Incidence of spinal deformity in children after multiple level laminectomy for selective posterior rhizotomy

Fifty-five children with cerebral palsy had multiple-level laminectomies for selective posterior rhizotomies for the relief of spasticity. They were followed up clinically and radiologically to assess their spinal stability and the possible development of post-laminectomy deformity of the spine. The majority of the deformities found were related to cerebral palsy and did not appear to be due to the laminectomy: 16% had scoliosis, 5% kyphosis, 7% lordosis, and 9% spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis. Spondylolysis is the only abnormality that appeared to be more common in this group than in children with cerebral palsy.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis

Summary The purpose of this paper is to review the current concepts on spondylolysis and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. The two are very closely connected, and bothe result from a growth disturbance of the lumbosacral vertebrae, linked to the human biped standing position, and depending on genetic and environmental factors. Pars defect occurs usually in early childhood. The primum movens of lumbosacral deformities in spondylolisthesis is the slippage and its biomechanical consequences for the growing vertebrae. Most cases are asymptomatic but symptomatic cases can be very disabling. Major clinical symptoms are presented here, as are the roentgenographic parameters usually required for the assessment. Most cases do not require surgery. However, surgical procedures have been widely developed in the last 60 years for the cases resistant to non-operative treatments. They are presented here in a logical order, from the most physiological to the most aggressive. Isthmic repair is reliable but requires very strict local conditions. Excision of the loose arch alone should no longer be practised especially in young patients. Fusions in situ are widely used, especially by the posterior approach, but owing to unfavourable biomechanical conditions, a significant amount of pseudarthrosis is reported as well as slip progression in young patients. Additional internal fixation is recommended. Associated reduction allows placement of the spine in the best mechanical conditions for a stable fusion. Several procedures have been reported, involving either single or staged approaches. Either anterior and posterior fusion associated with reduction seems to give the best results, in spite of some few cases of transitory neurological involvement. Resection of the olisthetic vertebra associated with reduction and fusion is a therapeutic alternative in very severe case in young people. Elective indications are given at the end of the Discussion on the basis of current procedures, according to the type of lesion and the category of patient.     

腰椎峡部裂并滑脱的CT特征

目的：认识腰椎峡部裂并滑脱的CT特征。方法：使用GE Hispeed Fx/i螺旋CT机对38例病人行薄层扫描，层厚、间隔3mm，用骨窗和软组织窗观察。结果：腰椎峡部裂的CT特征为关节空间部的骨性缺损呈不规则裂隙状低密度影，滑脱的主要CT特征为椎管前后径延长、双重轮廓征、假性椎间盘膨出、椎间孔变形。结论：薄层CT扫描在显示腰椎峡部裂并滑脱时并发的软组织异常及其它伴随征象上具有优势，为临床诊疗提供更多有价值的信息和依据。     

创伤性枢椎滑脱颈前路内固定技术的应变电测研究

目的比较创伤性枢椎滑脱2种不同的前路手术方式的生物力学特性。方法6例新鲜尸体上颈椎标本（C0-4）制成C2双侧椎弓峡部切断并C2,3前纵韧带切断并C2／C3椎间盘切除（Destablized Ⅲ组）的创伤性枢椎滑脱模型。依次采用C2,3 开槽植骨融合钢板内固定术（C2,3组）和C3椎体大部分切除、植骨融合钢板系统内固定术（C2-4组）2种术式固定。对固定后标本在0．5N·m、1．5N·m、2．5N-m力矩下三维6个自由度运动时,运刖电测法进行应变电阻测定,计算2种术式固定下螺钉的拔出应力,结果进行统计处理。结果C2,3组在屈曲和伸展运动状态下,在不同载荷下所承受的应力均大于C2-4。组（P〈0．05）,在左右旋转状态2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论生理环境下C2,3 植骨融合内固定术可能相对容易出现内置物相关并发症。     

退行性腰椎后滑脱的节段分布及与腰骶部矢状位平衡参数的关系

目的 探索腰椎后滑脱节段分布及与腰骶部矢状位平衡参数的相关性,揭示腰椎后滑脱发生机制。方法 选取2016年9月—2019年6月海军军医大学附属长征医院收治的腰椎后滑脱患者47例,调查其腰椎后滑脱节段分布规律,并将其分为上腰椎后滑脱组（L_1~3,34例）与下腰椎后滑脱组（L_4~5,13例）;选取同期入院的近似健康的患者29例作为对照组。比较3组患者腰椎前凸角（LL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆入射角（PI）的差异。结果 47例患者共56个节段后滑脱,其中L₁ 5例、L₂ 13例、L₃ 25例、L₄ 11例、L₅ 2例。与对照组相比,上腰椎后滑脱组LL、SS增大,PT减小,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,PI差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;下腰椎后滑脱组LL、SS减小,PT增大,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,PI差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 腰椎后滑脱好发于L₃,其次为L₂、L₄。腰椎后滑脱与腰骶部矢状位失衡密切相关。当上腰椎后滑脱时,LL、SS增大,而PT减小;当下腰椎后滑脱时,LL、SS减小,甚至变为后凸,而PT增大。     

胸椎后凸角与骨盆入射角对低度腰椎滑脱症矢状位平衡的影响

目的 评估低度腰椎滑脱患者矢状位失衡情况,并探讨维持低度腰椎滑脱矢状位平衡的主要代偿机制。方法 纳入2016年6月—2017年6月在上海市嘉定区中医医院确诊为单节段低度腰椎滑脱症的60例患者,其中30例为MeyerdingⅠ度滑脱（MeyerdingⅠ度组）,30例为MeyerdingⅡ度滑脱（MeyerdingⅡ度组）。纳入同期30名X线检查脊柱-骨盆无影像学异常的受试者作为对照组。收集患者性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）等一般资料,并利用术前站立位脊柱全长侧位X线片测量相关参数：最大胸椎后凸角（maxTK）、最大腰椎前凸角（maxLL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆入射角（PI）及矢状位偏移（SVA）。采用秩相关分析探讨滑脱程度与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性,采用单因素方差分析比较不同程度滑脱患者及对照组脊柱-骨盆参数的差异。结果 腰椎滑脱程度与maxTK呈负相关（r_s=-0.512,P<0.05）,与PI（r_s=0.621,P<0.05）、SS（r_s=0.385,P<0.05）和PT（r_s=0.573,P<0.05）均呈正相关,而与年龄、BMI、SVA和maxLL之间无明显相关性。MeyerdingⅠ度和Ⅱ度滑脱组maxTK均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度滑脱组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;MeyerdingⅠ度和Ⅱ度滑脱组PI均大于对照组,且Ⅱ度滑脱组PI大于Ⅰ度滑脱组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 PI增大与腰椎滑脱的发生和进展密切相关,TK降低可能是维持低度腰椎滑脱患者矢状位平衡的主要代偿机制。