Evaluation of carotid intima media thickness in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

AimAim of the study was to determine if carotid intima media thickness in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is greater than in healthy subjects, and to assess whether carotid intima media thickness in children with nephrotic syndrome is associated with clinical (including disease duration, cumulative dose of steroids, number of relapses) and biochemical parameters.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 40 patients with nephrotic syndrome (mean age 11.7 ± 4.7 years). Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome was established in 32 patients (80%), while 8 (20%) had steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Control group consisted of 20 age and gender matched healthy children. Blood pressure based on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), carotid intima media thickness, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid concentrations were measured in all children.ResultsA significant difference was detected in carotid intima media thickness values (P = 0.036). Children with nephrotic syndrome had significantly greater carotid intima media thickness compared with healthy children (0.42 ± 0.06 and 0.38 ± 0.03 mm). Carotid intima-media thickness was positively associated with duration of nephrotic syndrome (r = 0.45; P = 0.004), body mass index (r = 0.48; P = 0.002), daytime systolic blood pressure (r = 0.46; P = 0.003) and night-time systolic blood pressure (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that duration of nephrotic syndrome was the only independent predictor of carotid intima media thickness in children with nephrotic syndrome (R² = 0.244; β=0.327; P = 0.037).ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggest subclinical vascular damage in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Duration of nephrotic syndrome was the only independent predictor of carotid intima media thickness.     

高频超声监测舒降之干预颈动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的　评价舒降之对颈动脉粥样硬化病变的影响。方法高频超声监测随访 2年舒降之治疗组的颈动脉管壁改变。结果　舒降之治疗 2年后IMT和IMT横截面积总体呈下降趋势 ,IMT变化速度为年下降 0 .0 3mm。颈动脉超声分型的变化无显著意义 ,但粥样斑块分型于随访前后发生了一定的变化 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论降脂药物能减轻甚至逆转早期动脉壁粥样病变 ,高频超声是首选的无创监测手段。     

Chromosomal telomere attrition as a mechanism for the increased risk of epithelial cancers and senescent phenotypes in type 2 diabetes

Telomeres are the repeat DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes necessary for successful DNA replication and chromosomal integrity. Telomeres shorten at cell division at a rate determined by oxidative DNA damage, and cells are triggered into replicative senescence once telomeres shorten to a critical length. Telomere-related chromosomal maintenance also has a role in carcinogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by increased oxidative stress, increased oxidative DNA damage, senescent retinal and renal phenotypes, and an increased risk of epithelial malignancy. We suggest that increased oxidative DNA damage and telomere attrition in type 2 diabetes leads to: (1) carcinogenic telomere-dependent chromosomal non-reciprocal translocations, genomic instability, and the development of epithelial cancers; (2) senescent retinal and renal phenotypes (expressed as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy); and (3) senescent vascular endothelial, monocyte-macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cells (expressed as endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherogenesis). An adverse intrauterine environment leads to increased feto-placental oxidative stress and feto-placental oxidative DNA damage. We also suggest that intrauterine oxidative DNA damage and telomere shortening is another point at which increased oxidative stress could contribute to a pre-programmed increased risk of senescent phenotypes in adult offspring, characterised by type 2 diabetes and epithelial malignancy. These suggestions can be used to understand early glucose intolerance in the young children of type 1 diabetes pregnancies, poor cancer outcomes in type 2 diabetes, beta cell fatigue in type 2 diabetes and the absence of increased epithelial cancer risk in type 1 diabetes.     

血清胆红素与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系研究

目的探讨血清胆红素与动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死(ATCI)的关系。方法测定60例ATCI患者的血清总胆红素、间接胆红素、直接胆红素的水平,应用颈部彩色多普勒超声仪进行颈部血管检测,并与50例健康对照组进行比较。结果ATCI患者血清总胆红素、间接胆红素均低于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),直接胆红素两组无差异。ATCI组中血清总胆红素(TBIL)>10umol/L者颈动脉斑块和狭窄的发生率分别为50%和21%,TBIL≤10umol/L者颈动脉斑块和狭窄的发生率分别为94%和59%。结论低水平胆红素对ATCI的发生产生不利影响。     

血管紧张素转化酶2和血管紧张素1-7在兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达

目的观察血管紧张素转化酶2和血管紧张素1-7在兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达,确定斑块中表达血管紧张素转化酶2蛋白的细胞类型。方法雄性新西兰大白兔动脉内膜损伤术后饲以高脂饲料4个月建立动脉粥样硬化模型。取腹主动脉组织进行免疫组织化学染色。结果血管紧张素转化酶2和血管紧张素1-7蛋白在兔腹主动脉斑块中表达,大多数的巨噬细胞、部分平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞都表达血管紧张素转化酶2。血管紧张素1-7主要在血管紧张素转化酶2阳性区域表达,分布于血管紧张素转化酶2阳性细胞胞外。结论血管紧张素转化酶2和血管紧张素1-7都在兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中表达,血管紧张素转化酶2及血管紧张素1-7在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用值得进一步探讨。     

月见草油脂肪酸钠盐影响家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的病理形态学观察

为进一步探讨月见草油脂肪酸钠盐对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响，我们将１６只家兔分３组；实验对照组、预防服药组和空白对照组。前二组动物均饲胆固醇，预防服药组同时加饲月见草油脂肪酸钠盐，所有动物均饲等量基本饲料。１５０天后处死动物，在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下观察主动脉壁形态，并测算内膜动脉粥样硬化斑块面积等。结果发现，预防服药组动物主动粥样硬化斑块面积等。结果发现，预防服药组动物主动脉粥样硬化病变程度     

何首乌总甙抑制动脉粥样硬化病变形成

的　研究何首乌总甙对载脂蛋白E基因缺陷小鼠实验性动脉粥样硬化病变形成的保护作用。方法　将载脂蛋白E基因缺陷小鼠随机分为4组:何首乌总甙高剂量组[15 0mg/ (kg·d) ]、低剂量组[2 5mg/ (kg·d) ]、阿托伐他汀阳性药物组[5mg/ (kg·d) ]及空白对照组,给药第10周后全部处死,酶法检测四组血清脂质含量,图象分析法测定主动脉粥样硬化斑块面积和管腔面积,计算斑块面积与管腔面积的比值。结果　(1)何首乌总甙高、低剂量组及阳性药物组总胆固醇分别为6 4 9.3±72 .2mg/dL、6 32 .6±5 5 .1mg/dL和4 97.4±14 0 .8mg/dL ,均显著低于空白对照组(80 9.4±4 2 .6mg/dL ,P <0 .0 1) ;甘油三酯分别为12 6 .6±4 8.1mg/dL、14 5 .6±37.9mg/dL和172 .1±15 .7mg/dL ,均显著降低于空白对照组(2 5 3.3±4 2 .6mg/dL ,P <0 .0 1) ;而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别为117.1±14 .9mg/dL、113.5±2 3.3mg/dL和12 6 .7±12 .8mg/dL ,均显著高于空白对照组(6 7.3±10 .6mg/dL ,P <0 .0 1) ;治疗组间无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。(2 )何首乌总甙高剂量组、低剂量组及阳性药物组载脂蛋白E基因缺陷小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变减轻且动脉粥样硬化斑块面积/管腔面积比值分别为3.97%±0 .6 2 %、3.11%±0 .0 1%和0 .86 %±0 .0 7% ,均小于空     

冠心病患者血清IL-1β和IL--6含量与冠脉病变的关系

目的：探讨血清自细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL--6水平对冠心病发病和严重度的预测作用。方法：70例冠心病患者，按临床诊断分为2组：急性冠脉综合症组32例和稳定型心绞痛组38例，另有对照组患者30例。ELISA检测各组患者血清中IL--1β、IL--6水平，并比较各组间的差异。冠脉造影术对冠脉病变进行Gensini评分，并了解其与血清中IL-1β、IL--6水平的相关性。结果：冠心病患者血清中的IL-1β、IL-6水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈O．05）；在冠心病组内，急性冠脉综合症组的血清IL-6水平显著高于稳定型心绞痛患者（P〈0.05）。冠脉病变Gensini评分与血清中IL-6水平呈正相关（r=0．358，P〈0．05）。结论：IL-1β、IL-6可能参与了冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展过程，其血清水平可能是冠状动脉粥样硬化的-个炎性标志。     

脂联素与动脉粥样硬化

脂联素是新近发现的脂肪细胞特异性蛋白,研究显示脂联素通过抑制内皮细胞黏附因子的表达、平滑肌细胞的增殖以及巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转变,终止炎症反应、改善脂代谢等几个方面与动脉粥样硬化密切相关,对其进一步研究将提高对动脉粥样硬化发生发展的认识,为动脉粥样硬化的防治提供一个新的思路。