Ultrasonographic fine-needle aspiration of pathological masses in the head and neck region.

Two hundred and eight ultrasonographic fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed in patients with head and neck masses and examined cytologically. The average minimum diameter of the masses was 1.5 cm. The smallest punctured lymph node located in the perivascular sheath had a diameter of 0.4 cm. In none of the patients were complications observed. Ninety-seven percent of the diagnoses based on cytological examination were confirmed in the histological examination of surgical biopsies or in the further clinical course.     

先天性输尿管异常疾病的超声诊断

本文报告121例先天性输尿管异常疾病的超声诊断结果，经与手术和病理结果对比其病因诊断符合率92．6％。结果表明，超声能为临床诊治该类疾病提供可靠的依据，其中对某些疾病，超声检查具有明显的优越性和独特的诊断价值。     

US in the evaluation of abdominal pain in a department of internal medicine

Introduction

US (US) examination of the abdomen has acquired a growing role in the investigation of abdominal pain; however its role in the diagnosis of some important causes of abdominal pain is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of US of the abdomen in the diagnosis of abdominal pain in patients referred to a department of internal medicine.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was carried out on 248 US examinations performed in our department due to abdominal pain. For each examination the data written on the request form were registered as well as US findings which could be correlated with abdominal pain.

Results

In 105 patients (42%), US examination of the abdomen resulted in a relevant clinical finding and was thus considered positive. A high percentage of patients were elderly (>65 years; 52%) and very elderly (>80 years; 24%); these patients showed a significantly higher percentage of positive US scans. The proportion of positive scans was not significantly different between localized and non-localized pain. Specific pain location was associated with US findings such as hepatic masses, ovarian masses and renal stones, whereas non-localized pain was associated with abdominal free fluid and fluid-distended bowel loops.

Discussion

A high percentage of US examinations identified conditions that could possibly cause abdominal pain. Diagnostic yield of abdominal US was higher in elderly and very elderly patients. When a US examination is requested, it should always be evaluated within the clinical context. The physician should be aware of the great value of abdominal US in the diagnosis of the various causes of abdominal pain, but also of its possible limitations.     

乳腺癌VEGF的表达与彩色多普勒血流表现及病理的相关分析

目的探讨乳腺癌VEGF的表达与彩色多普勒血流表现及病理因素的相关性。方法检测50例乳腺癌患者VEGF表达与与彩色多普勒血流信号(0～Ⅲ级)及病理因素的分析。结果50例乳腺癌中,VEGF阳性表达者34例(68%)。乳腺癌Ⅱ~Ⅲ级血流组中VEGF表达水平高于乳腺癌0～Ⅰ级血流组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);淋巴结转移组中VEGF表达水平高于未转移组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VEGF表达随着癌组织学分级的升高,VEGF表达水平也呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌中彩色血流分级随着VEGF表达水平的增强而明显增高,VEGF在乳腺癌的肿瘤血管生成及转移过程中可能发挥重要的调控作用。     

眼外伤的超声诊断

目的探讨超声检查对眼外伤的诊断价值。方法对我院381例眼外伤的超声检查进行回顾性分析,综合分析眼前、后段的声像图表现。结果超声检查眼外伤总准确率达到87.3%。结论超声检查在眼科临床具有重要的辅助诊断价值。     

胎儿单侧肾缺如合并双子宫1例

孕妇,35岁。孕2产1,孕37周4天。当地医院常规超声检查提示羊水过少,为进一步检查而就诊。查体:宫高28cm,腹围90cm,胎心率142次/min。超声检查所见:单胎,胎头位于左下腹,胎方位为枕左横位,双顶径8.9cm,脑实质及颜面部结构回声未见异常,脊柱排列整齐。胎心率134次/min,搏动规则。胎儿四腔心显示清晰。股骨长6.8cm,胎盘附着于子宫底后壁、成熟度Ⅱ级。羊水指数3.3cm。腹腔扫查,右肾窝反复扫查未见肾脏回声(图1),盆腔、胸腔及其他部位亦未探及,膀胱充盈度可,无回声暗区约为3.1cm×2.8cm。左肾显示清晰,形态饱满,大小约4.9cm×2.1cm,内部结构回声…     

睾丸鞘膜纤维性假瘤1例

患者男,58岁。阴囊内扪及小肿块一周来诊。查体:发现右侧阴囊内小结节,质硬,无压痛,结节与睾丸能够分开。彩超检查:双侧睾丸与附睾大小形态正常,右侧睾丸鞘膜后壁中部可见局部鞘膜增厚,范围约0.4cm×0.9cm,其余部位的鞘膜回声及厚度正常。右侧附睾头部可见一约为1.0cm×0.9cm等     

Time-dependent hardening of blood clots quantitatively measured in vivo with shear-wave ultrasound imaging in a rabbit model of venous thrombosis

Objective

Provide in vivo blood clot hardening evolution with ultrasound using supersonic imaging of shear waves.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study in flow stasis-induced venous thrombosis within jugular veins of white female New Zealand rabbits. Blood clot elasticity was noninvasively measured in vivo using the Young's modulus (in kilopascals), on a 2-hour and a 2-week periods after thrombus induction. Monitoring was followed by a necropsy and ex vivo mechanical characterization to validate the existence and elasticity of explanted thrombi.

Results

Stagnant blood in the region of interest underwent clotting and progressive hardening with thrombus aging. The mean Young's moduli varied from 1.0 ± 0.6 kPa (at 10 min) to 5.3 ± 1.6 kPa (at 2 hours), then to 25.0 ± 6.8 kPa (at 14 days) post-surgery. Mean ex vivo moduli of 6.2 ± 0.7 kPa at 2 hours and 29.0 ± 2.4 kPa at 2 weeks agreed with in vivo measures.

Conclusions

Supersonic imaging of shear waves provides consistent quantitative non-invasive elasticity measurements not available with standard compression ultrasound imaging for diagnosing and following venous thromboembolism. This information translatable to humans could aid in determining whether continued anticoagulant treatment is necessary, especially in the setting of unprovoked venous thromboembolism.     

恶性淋巴瘤累及脾脏超声表现

目的 探讨恶性淋巴瘤脾脏受累的超声特征。方法 回顾分析1990年6月～2002年8月，山东省肿瘤医院诊治的134例恶性淋巴瘤累及脾脏的临床资料。结果 恶性淋巴瘤累及脾脏的超声特征大致分为四种类型：①均匀性脾肿大。②非均匀性筛孔状回声。③多发性脾脏低回声结节。④孤立性不均质结节。结论 B型超声对恶性淋巴瘤脾脏受累具有较高的诊断价值。