Wnt/β⁃catenin信号通路参与马蹄内翻足畸形形成的研究

目的　探讨Sox9（sex determining region Y-box9）和β-catenin对先天性马蹄内翻足（congenital talipes equinovarus，CTE）的影响以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路作用机制。 方法　将孕10 d的SD大鼠随机均分为实验组及对照组，以135 mg/kg全反式维甲酸溶于矿物油对实验组大鼠进行灌胃制作胎鼠CTE模型，对照组予以等量矿物油灌胃处理，取大鼠足踝部组织，通过免疫组化、RT-PCR、Western blot检测β-catenin、Sox9以及磷酸化β-catenin-S552的表达水平。 结果　与对照组相比，HE染色可见CTE模型组织中有较多的胶原组织沉积，免疫组化结果显示实验组标本Sox9与β-catenin表达增高，RT-qPCR表明实验组Sox9与β-catenin的mRNA水平显著增高，Western blot结果显示实验组Sox9与β-catenin的表达增高而磷酸化β-catenin-S552表达降低。 结论　CTE大鼠的足踝部组织中Sox9高表达受Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控，该通路参与先天性马蹄内翻足畸形的形成。     

一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中4种黄酮

目的建立一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷的含有量。方法杜仲叶50%甲醇提取物的分析采用Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长360 nm。以槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷为内标,计算芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷的相对校正因子,计算其他3种成分的相对校正因子,再测定其含有量。结果槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷分别在5.37~161.00(r=0.999 9)、0.43~12.84(r=0.999 9)、1.58~47.33(r=0.999 8)、0.42~12.65(r=0.999 7)μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为97.27%、96.10%、95.30%、96.72%,RSD分别为1.90%、1.12%、1.07%、1.37%。一测多评法所得结果接近于外标法。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于杜仲叶的质量控制。     

双长效支气管扩张剂在慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的研究进展

长效支气管扩张剂是稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)治疗的基石。固定剂量长效β2受体激动剂(long actingβ2 agonist,LABA)/长效抗胆碱能药物(long acting muscarinic antagonist,LAMA)复方制剂被慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议推荐用于COPD的治疗。为了更深入了解已经上市的多种LABA/LAMA复方制剂如维兰特罗/乌美溴铵、茚达特罗/格隆溴铵、福莫特罗/格隆溴铵及奥达特罗/噻拖溴铵等的疗效和安全性,本文对LABA/LAMA一些重要临床研究作一综述,旨在为COPD患者提供个体化的治疗方案。     

Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 7, CC-chemokine ligand 18, and periostin as markers for pulmonary sarcoidosis

BackgroundSome patients with sarcoidosis experience worsening of pulmonary lesions. However, no biomarker has been identified that reflects pulmonary disease status in sarcoidosis. We investigated the usefulness of potential markers of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with sarcoidosis.MethodsPlasma matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), CC-chemokine ligand 18 (CCL-18), and periostin levels were evaluated in 60 patients with sarcoidosis and 30 healthy controls; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels were analyzed in 22 patients with sarcoidosis. To determine the usefulness of these markers, we explored potential correlations between these markers and sarcoidosis clinical characteristics.ResultsPlasma MMP-7, CCL-18, and periostin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with sarcoidosis than those in healthy controls. MMP-7 concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were higher in patients with sarcoidosis with parenchymal infiltration than in those without lung lesions. Moreover, MMP-7 concentration was negatively correlated with pulmonary function.ConclusionAmong these novel biomarkers, MMP-7 most precisely reflected pulmonary sarcoidosis disease status and thus, might be useful for diagnosing and evaluating sarcoidosis, particularly in patients with pulmonary parenchymal lesions.     

血清β2-微球蛋白水平与急性缺血性脑卒中发病风险的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清β₂-微球蛋白(β₂-microglobulinm,β₂-MG)水平与急性缺血性脑卒中发病风险的相关性。方法 选取2001年3月-2014年12月本院收治的302例新发的急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象进行巢式病例对照研究。另选取同等数量年龄与性别相匹配的非脑卒中个体作为对照,比较血清β₂-MG水平及脑卒中常见危险因素暴露与急性缺血性脑卒中发病的风险。结果 单因素分析显示,血清β₂-MG水平、心脏病史、高血压病史、脑卒中家族史与急性缺血性脑卒中的发病风险显著相关[OR(95%CI)分别为6.74(3.92～11.61)、1.77(1.00～3.09)、3.43(2.00～5.89)、2.04(1.11～3.71),P均<0.05]。此外,血清β₂-MG水平的升高与急性缺血性脑卒中的发病风险具有显著的剂量反应关系(χ2=48.47,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清β₂-MG水平与急性缺血性脑卒中的发生独立相关[OR(95%CI)=6.11(3.46～10.77),P<0.05]。结论 血清β₂-MG水平升高与急性缺血性脑卒中的发病风险密切相关,可作为其发病的独立预测因子。     

Mold inhalation causes innate immune activation,neural, cognitive and emotional dysfunction

Individuals living or working in moldy buildings complain of a variety of health problems including pain, fatigue, increased anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. The ability of mold to cause such symptoms is controversial since no published research has examined the effects of controlled mold exposure on brain function or proposed a plausible mechanism of action. Patient symptoms following mold exposure are indistinguishable from those caused by innate immune activation following bacterial or viral exposure. We tested the hypothesis that repeated, quantified doses of both toxic and nontoxic mold stimuli would cause innate immune activation with concomitant neural effects and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. We intranasally administered either 1) intact, toxic Stachybotrys spores; 2) extracted, nontoxic Stachybotrys spores; or 3) saline vehicle to mice. As predicted, intact spores increased interleukin-1β immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Both spore types decreased neurogenesis and caused striking contextual memory deficits in young mice, while decreasing pain thresholds and enhancing auditory-cued memory in older mice. Nontoxic spores also increased anxiety-like behavior. Levels of hippocampal immune activation correlated with decreased neurogenesis, contextual memory deficits, and/or enhanced auditory-cued fear memory. Innate-immune activation may explain how both toxic mold and nontoxic mold skeletal elements caused cognitive and emotional dysfunction.