Discrimination among visual stimuli by classification of their single evoked potentials

A correlation classifier and a maximum likelihood quadratic classifier are used to classify single evoked potentials from four different, visual stimuli. Forward sequential feature selection was employed with the quadratic classifier to reduce data dimensionality. The features selected by this method were the signal amplitudes at latencies at which polarity reversals were present in the averages. Examination of detected peaks from the single v.e.p.s suggested that the polarity reversals were also present in the single v.e.p.s. The quadratic classifier gave better than 90% recognition for the case of four classes and three classes.     

Osteoarthritis severity of the hip by computer-aided grading of radiographic images

A computer-aided classification system was developed for the assessment of the severity of hip osteoarthritis (OA) . Sixty-four radiographic images of normal and osteoarthritic hips were digitized and enhanced. Employing the Kellgren and Lawrence scale, the hips were grouped by three experienced orthopaedists into three OA-severity categories: Normal, Mild/Moderate and Severe. Utilizing custom-developed software, 64 ROIs corresponding to the radiographic Hip Joint Spaces were manually segmented and novel textural features were generated. These features were used in the design of a two-level classification scheme for characterizing hips as normal or osteoarthritic (1st level) and as of Mild/Moderate or Severe OA (2nd level). At each classification level, an ensemble of three classifiers was implemented. The proposed classification scheme discriminated correctly all normal hips from osteoarthritic hips (100% accuracy), while the discrimination accuracy between Mild/Moderate and Severe osteoarthritic hips was 95.7%. The proposed system could be used as a diagnosis decision-supporting tool.     

兔嗅觉系统的动力学研究——混沌状态

本文是参考文献（１）的继续。参考文献（１）根据人类的识别原理，介绍了Ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ兔嗅觉系统的动力学研究。文章的发表引起了学者们的注意，提出许多建立新识别原理需要解决的理论问题，本文只包括几个问题的部分结果：（１）由Ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ建立的兔嗅觉模型的离散数学解是真实的。（２）兔嗅觉模型在什么情况下处在混沌状态中，它们为什么与初值无关。（３）兔嗅觉识别的过程，作者最后提出一些有待进一步解决的问题。     

Analysis of grey-level histograms as a method of classifying cells from the uterine cervix

An accurate single-cell classifier is an essential part of any system that uses image-processing and pattern-recognition techniques for prescreening cervical smears. The cell classifier, however, is heavily dependent on the feature extraction, which must be done automatically. This paper describes an attempt to use the grey-level histogram from a cell as a feature vector, in order to simplify part of the automatic feature-extraction process.     

Natural Genetic Variation in Complex Mating Behaviors of Male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila melanogaster</Emphasis>

Mating behavior, including courtship and copulation, is a main component of male fitness, especially in species with no parental care. Variation in this behavior can thus be a target for mate choice and sexual selection, and can lead to evolution. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has well-documented complex male courtship comprised of a sequence behaviors, and is an ideal model for behavior-genetic analysis. In order to evaluate genetic differences in the temporal pattern of mating behavior, we developed a high-throughput method that allows us to document the progression of male courtship and copulation using an ordinal scale (male mating progression scale, MMP). Using this method, we document natural genetic variation in the temporal pattern of behavior that was not detected using other metrics. This method was robust enough to detect genetic variation in this trait for males placed with both virgin and mated female targets.     

Developmental changes in transmission of respiratory rhythm in the rat

We used cross-correlation to examine the short time-scale synchronisation of left and right phrenic nerve discharges in in-situ preparations of rats over a range of ages, to investigate the development of respiratory rhythm transmission to phrenic motoneurones. We found central peaks in the cross-correlograms, indicative of short time-scale synchronisation, at all ages (2-41 days), whose half-amplitude widths varied inversely with age (40-1.8 ms). In 10 preparations < or =5-days-old the central peaks were unaffected by a mid-sagittal section from C3 to C6. Carbenoxalone (CBX), a gap junction blocker, and its inactive analogue glycyrrhzic acid (GZA), eliminated central peaks in preparations younger than 12 days but not in older preparations. We concluded that in rats older than approximately 12 days short time-scale synchronisation is produced by bilaterally-projecting axons of medullary pre-motor neurones, whereas in younger rats it is due to pre-synaptic synchronisation of left and right medullary pre-motor neurones. While the latter mechanism may be gap junction connections, these experiments cannot unequivocally demonstrate it.     

脊柱结核骨破坏类型及CT表现特征

目的：探讨脊柱结核骨破坏类型及CT表现特征。材料与方法：回顾性分析40例脊柱结核的CT表现。结果：4种骨破坏类型中粉碎型最常见（33．3％），溶骨型28．4％，骨膜下型18．5％，局灶硬化型19．8％。附件及肋骨破坏发生率分别为34．6％和25％，椎间盘破坏占40％，椎旁软组织肿出现率为80％，且波及范围广（平均3．5个椎体），硬膜外脓肿出现率为40％，椎管内碎骨块达27．5％。结论：粉碎型骨破坏是脊柱结核最具特征的CT表现，而局处性骨硬化伴死骨形成，椎体骨破坏伴椎旁软组织肿块内出现骨碎块或钙化也是脊柱结核比较特征的CT表现。     

Primary site disease and recurrence location in ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery vs. interval debulking surgery

IntroductionThe natural history and patterns of ovarian cancer (OC) relapse are still unclear. Recurrent disease can be peritoneal, parenchymal, or nodal. This study aims to analyze the location and pattern of OC recurrence according to the primary site of disease and to the type of surgical approach used.Material and methodsAll OC patients underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS), with 2014 FIGO stage III-IV, and with platinum-sensitive recurrence were included in the study. Primary disease location and site of recurrences were divided into peritoneal, parenchymal, and nodal, according to the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, parenchymal metastasis, and nodal involvement, respectively.ResultsA total of 355 patients were initially considered; of them, 295 met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred thirty-three patients obtained no macroscopic residual tumor at the end of primary surgical treatment. Primary parenchymal disease relapsed in 84.6% cases at a parenchymal site (p < 0.001), 97.2% of peritoneal diseases relapsed on the peritoneum (p < 0.001), and 100% of nodal diseases had a nodal recurrence (p < 0.001). Stratifying by the surgical approach all these correlations have been confirmed both in the PDS (p < 0.001) and IDS (p < 0.001) groups.ConclusionOur study shows that the site of relapse in cases of platinum-sensitive OC recurrence is closely related to the primary location of the disease, regardless of the type of initial treatment. Therefore, more attention during followup should be paid to areas where the initial tumor was present.     

Ⅳ期NSCLC原发肿瘤三维放射治疗失败模式分析

目的 探讨Ⅳ期NSCLC原发肿瘤三维放疗联合药物一线治疗的失败模式特点及放疗相关因素的影响。方法 选择2003年3月至2020年7月708例初诊Ⅳ期NSCLC患者,χ²检验失败模式单因素分析;Kaplan‐Meier法并log‐rank检验、Cox回归模型多因素生存分析。结果 708例首次失败发生率71.2%,≤6个月、>6~12个月、>12~24个月、>24个月的治疗失败发生率分别为22.7%、28.8%、13.3%、6.4%,中位生存期分别为7.2、13.4、22.2、37.6个月,差异有统计学意义（χ²=226.013,P<0.001）。复发失败发生率为21.3%,寡转移和非寡转移的复发失败发生率差异无统计学意义。转移失败发生率为66.3%,从高到低依次为脑>骨>肺>胸膜腔>肝>远处淋巴结>肾上腺>其他部位,约1/2病例发生新增转移器官,约1/3病例发生原转移器官进展。转移状态、治疗失败发生时间、病理类型、性别、综合治疗强度是预后的独立影响因素。结论 Ⅳ期NSCLC原发肿瘤放疗的失败模式与一线药物治疗不同,局部失败显著降低,转移失败为主,脑转移发生率最高,治疗失败发生时间越晚,OS期越长。寡转移、女性、非鳞癌、治疗失败发生时间晚、4~6个周期化疗同期放疗剂量≥63 Gy是延长生存的独立预后因子。     

犀角地黄汤化裁方治疗毒蛇咬伤血分证的观察护理

目的观察犀角地黄汤化裁治疗毒蛇咬伤血分证的效果.方法选择符合条件的患者100例被毒蛇咬伤后出现血分证的患者,按随机法分为对照组和观察组各50例,2组均给予清创、局部封闭、注射五步蛇毒血清及抗生素、速尿等常规治疗;观察组加服犀角地黄汤化裁方,每次20ml,每天3次,疗程为4～15d.结果在实验室指标恢复正常时间、局部肿胀消退、疗程等方面明显优于对照组,具有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论犀角地黄汤化裁方治疗毒蛇咬伤引起血分证有较好疗效.