胃食管反流病合并心房颤动患者的临床特点及危险因素

目的分析胃食管反流病（GERD）患者发生心房颤动（AF）的可能危险因素。 方法回顾性纳入2008年1月到2021年1月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院的胃食管反流病患者7417例。为研究GERD患者中AF发生的危险因素,采用单因素logistic 回归逐步法筛选有意义自变量,后通过多因素logistic 回归进行进一步分析。 结果本研究纳入研究对象平均年龄59岁,其中男性占54.8%,14.2%患者合并2型糖尿病,32.5%合并高血压,12.1%合并冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病。入组的患者中共有合并 AF患者54例。通过logistic 回归进行单因素变量筛选。控制已知的AF的混杂因素后（年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病病史、高血压病史、冠心病病史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇）后进行多因素logistic 回归,结果提示年龄（OR=1.06,95%CI：1.04~1.09）、血清谷草转氨酶（OR=1.004,95%CI：1.001~1.005）和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（OR=1.001,95%CI：1.000~1.003）是 GERD患者发生AF的危险因素。 结论本研究提示高龄、谷草转氨酶 和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶水平可能是GERD 患者发生 AF 的危险因素。     

Randomised controlled trial: effect of metformin add-on therapy on functional cure in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B

Introduction and ObjectivesHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, indicating functional cure or resolved chronic hepatitis B (CHB), remains difficult to achieve via nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy. We investigated whether metformin add-on therapy could help achieve this goal in entecavir-treated patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB.Patients and MethodsPatients with HBeAg-negative CHB who met eligibility criteria (entecavir treatment for > 12 months, HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 24 weeks of either metformin (1000 mg, oral, once a day) or placebo (oral, once a day) add-on therapy. The group allocation was blinded for both patients and investigators. Efficacy and safety analyses were based on the intention-to-treat set. The primary outcome, serum HBsAg level (IU/mL) at weeks 24 and 36, was analysed using mixed models.ResultsSixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to the metformin (n = 29) and placebo (n = 31) groups. There was no substantial between-group difference in the HBsAg level at week 24 (adjusted mean difference 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.13, p = 0.278) or week 36 (0.06, -0.03 to 0.15, p = 0.187), and no significant effect of group-by-time interaction on the HBsAg level throughout the trial (p = 0.814). The occurrence of total adverse events between the two groups was comparable (9 [31.0%] of 29 vs. 5 [16.1%] of 31, p = 0.227) and no patient experienced serious adverse events during the study.ConclusionAlthough it was safe, metformin add-on therapy did not accelerate HBsAg clearance in entecavir-treated patients with HBeAg-negative CHB.     

相同肝实质细胞体积分摊的ALT或AST水平与炎症分级

目的阐明慢性乙型肝炎血清ALT和AST水平,以及由相同肝实质细胞体积分摊的血清ALT和AST水平与肝炎症分级的关系。方法检测和比较肝炎症分级1,2,3和4级的血清ALT和AST水平,以及相同肝实质细胞体积分摊的血清ALT和AST水平。结果 142例患者炎症分级1,2,3和4级血清ALT水平分别为66.52±70.75,139.67±285.39,157.80±148.07和200.68±367.99（IU/L）,四级之间的两两比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.059～0.707）;用相同肝脏实质细胞体积分摊后的血清ALT水平分别为100.56±106.79,217.23±433.31,268.95±255.60,361.79±634.66,仅1级与4级一组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。然而,肝炎症分级1,2,3和4级血清AST水平分别为51.48±40.06,100.17±143.50,152.63±162.73和153.55±166.21,1级与3级（P=0.006）以及1级与4级（P=0.019）两组之间比较已经存在差异;进一步地,用相同肝脏实质细胞体积分摊后的血清AST水平分别为77.83±60.55,158.38±226.76,260.98±284.28和284.10±311.70,1级与3级（P=0.004）,1级与4级（P=0.006）和2级与4级（P=0.044）3组之间比较存在差异。结论血清AST水平反映肝炎症分级的严重性比血清ALT水平较为敏感。     

慢性乙肝患者血清前Pre-S1抗原检测及其与肝功能关系的研究

目的 检测慢性乙型肝炎病毒患者前S1(Pre-S1)抗原,探讨其与肝功能的关系.方法 收集270例慢性乙型肝炎病毒患者血清,采用ELISA方法检测Pre-S1抗原;采用日立7170全自动生化分析仪检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST).结果 270例慢性乙型肝炎病毒患者中,Pre-S1抗原阳性中ALT异常检出率为91.1%,AST异常检出率为93.0%,Pre-S1抗原中阴性中ALT异常检出率为28.3%,AST异常检出率为35.4%,两组结果有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论慢性乙型肝炎患者中,Pre-S1抗原可作为判断乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染,复制及对肝细胞损伤的另一个指标之一.     

ALT AST PT T—BIL联合测定对慢性重症肝炎治疗动态监测

目的：探讨慢性重症肝病患者治疗过程中，谷丙转酶，谷草转酶，总胆红素，凝血酶原时间等指标检测的临床探讨。方法：应用日本东亚仪器公司CA一1500型自动血凝分析仪和日本奥林匹斯AU一2700对102例慢性重症肝病患者凝血酶原时间（PT），谷丙转酶（ALT），谷草转转酶（AST），总胆红素（T—BIL）进行了检测，对照组选自我院体检中心健康体检人员（无心、肝、肾功能异常）42例。结果：在慢性重肝炎患者中这4项测定指标与对照组相比有非常显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：ALT，AST，PT，T—BIL等4项指标的检测可直接反映肝病轻重、肝功能损害状况、可以从多个角度更客观、准确地反映肝病患者在治疗过程中病程进展及预后评估。     

Decreased small dense LDL levels in Gilbert's syndrome

Objective

To investigate the role of small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in the mechanism of decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease in Gilbert's syndrome (GS).

Design and methods

sd-LDL-C, ox-LDL, and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were investigated in subjects with GS (n = 42) and compared to healthy controls (n = 52).

Results

Age, gender and body mass index (BMI) distributions were similar between the two groups. sd-LDL-C, ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels were lower in GS than the healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Unconjugated bilirubin was negatively correlated with sd-LDL-C, ox-LDL and hs-CRP (r = −0.594, p < 0.001; r = −0.249, p = 0.016 and r = − 0.373, p < 0.001 respectively). In addition, sd-LDL-C was positively correlated with ox-LDL (r = 0.307, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The findings of this preliminary study suggest that reduced sd-LDL-C, ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels may have a role in preventing atherosclerosis in subjects with GS.