临床护理路径模式干预在基底节区高血压脑出血患者术后的应用

目的 观察临床护理路径(CNP)模式干预在基底节区高血压脑出血(HICH)患者术后的应用效果.方法 选取南阳医学高等专科学校第二附属医院2020年1月至2021年9月收治的86例基底节区HICH患者作为研究对象,均接受血肿清除术治疗,依据随机数表法分成两组,每组43例.对照组术后接受常规护理干预,研究组基于常规护理加用CNP模式干预,比较两组并发症状况、护理满意度以及干预前、干预1个月抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOL-74)、舒适度[Kolcaba舒适状况量表(GCQ)].结果 研究组并发症发生率(4.65％)低于对照组(23.26％)(P<0.05);干预1个月研究组SAS、SDS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);干预1个月研究组GQOLI-74、GCQ评分高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组护理满意度(97.67％)高于对照组(74.42％)(P<0.05).结论 将CNP模式干预应用于基底节区HICH患者术后,可降低并发症发生率,优化心理状态,提高生活质量、舒适度及护理满意度.     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

循证护理干预在老年脑梗死患者中应用的效果分析

摘要：目的 探讨循证护理干预对老年脑梗死患者免疫功能水平变化的影响。方法 本次研究对象均从我院2019年10月至2021年11月收治的60例老年脑梗死患者中选取，将其分为对照组（30例）和观察组（30例）（随机数字表法）。对照组和观察组分别采用常规护理干预及循证护理干预，两组均干预2周。比较两组干预前后肢体、神经、生活质量及语言功能，免疫功能及血清炎性因子水平。结果 与治疗前比较，治疗后两组Fugl-Meyer、ABC法、Barthel评分、外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均升高，观察组高于对照组；NIHSS评分、血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、外周血CD8+水平均降低，观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 循证护理干预应用于老年脑梗死患者能够有效促进肢体运动功能及神经功能的改善，恢复语言功能，提高机体免疫功能，有效缓解机体炎症反应，提高整体生活质量。     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。     

知信行教育在老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后的应用

[目的]探讨知信行教育模式下老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中的应用。[方法] 2018年4月～2019年6月收治的116例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各58例。对照组实施常规健康教育,试验组在常规健康教育基础上,运用知信行教育模式开展术后康复与护理,比较两组患者在健康教育知识、信念、行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分。[结果]试验组通过将知信行教育模式应用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中,在健康教育相关知识、信念行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后知信行教育模式的应用,能够提高老年患者的康复知识、信念、行为,改善患者的日常生活自理能力和髋关节功能,对患者的预后有积极的作用。