肾素-血管紧张素系统在儿童膀胱尿道功能障碍中的作用研究进展

膀胱尿道功能障碍临床表现各异,部分患者治疗效果不佳(尤其是神经源性膀胱患者),后期可引起各种严重的并发症,甚至可引起致死性肾功能衰竭。肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)尤其是局部RAS在炎症及器官重塑等方面的作用已被证实,相关研究表明,RAS抑制剂(包括ACEI和ARBs)和新近发现的拮抗轴ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas轴具有改善下尿路功能和组织保护等功能。本文主要就ACE-AngⅡ-AT1轴和ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas轴在膀胱尿道功能障碍及其相关并发症的作用进行综述,探讨泌尿系统局部RAS作为儿童膀胱尿道功能障碍及其相关并发症药物治疗新靶点的可行性。     

免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤的临床疗效

目的 探讨免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的临床疗效。方法 选择南通市妇幼保健院重症医学科2019年12月-2020年12月脓毒性休克患者64例为研究对象，随机分为研究组和对照组各32例。研究组使用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养，对照组使用普通型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养。比较两组治疗7 d后AGI改善情况、统计重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间。抽取外周血并分离血清，检测治疗前后肠屏障功能指标[D-乳酸和内毒素(ET)]以及核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)通路因子[NLRP3、Casepase-1和白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)]水平。结果 研究组AGI总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者ICU住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间短于对照组(P<0.05),但两组28 d死亡例数比较，无统计学差异；治疗前两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平比较，无统计学差异；治疗后两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗后研究组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 免疫增强型肠内营养可显著改善脓毒性休克的AGI状态，在一定程度上恢复肠黏膜屏障功能，并降低NLRP3/Casepase-1/IL-1B介导的过度炎症损伤。     

血清血管内皮生长因子水平与结肠癌患者腹腔镜手术后复发的相关性

目的观察血清血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在结肠癌患者中的表达,并分析其与结肠癌腹腔镜手术后复发的关系。方法前瞻性选择2018年6月至2019年3月于河南科技大学第二附属医院接受结肠癌腹腔镜手术治疗的92例结肠癌患者为研究对象,患者均在该院接受治疗并获得24个月随访,观察并记录结肠癌患者随访期间复发情况并分组,分为复发组与未复发组,调查并比较两组患者基线资料及入院时血清VEGF水平,分析血清VEGF水平与结肠癌患者腹腔镜手术后复发的关系。结果腹腔镜手术后24个月,92例患者中13例疾病复发,占14.13%,79例未复发,占85.87%;复发组入院时血清VEGF水平高于未复发组,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001);组间其他资料对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院时血清VEGF过表达是结肠癌患者腹腔镜手术后复发的影响因子(OR>1,P<0.05);血清VEGF预测结肠癌患者腹腔镜手术后复发的AUC为0.867,具有一定预测价值,且血清VEGF的Cut-off值取374.215 pg/mL时,可获得最佳预测值。结论血清VEGF过表达与结肠癌患者腹腔镜手术后复发存在一定联系。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

通心络联合阿司匹林对急性脑梗死治疗的疗效及神经功能评价

目的 探究急性脑梗死患者治疗中通心络联合阿司匹林的应用效果以及对患者神经功能的作用。方法 参与本研究的50例急性脑梗死患者的入院治疗时间均为2018年2月-2019年5月,将其随机分两组实施不同的治疗方式进行对照分析,对比两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损情况、治疗效果以及药物使用后不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者治疗前NIHSS评分分组对比无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后NIHSS评分对比,研究组较低,50例患者就治疗有效率对比来看,研究组较高(P<0.05),治疗后消化道出血、皮下瘀斑以及血尿的发生率对比,两组差异并不明显(P>0.05)。ADL评分和ESS评分方面,研究组与对照组治疗前对比,未见明显差异(P>0.05);研究组治疗后较对照组高,差异显著(P<0.05)。hs-CRP方面,治疗前,两组差异较小(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组相比于对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者治疗中通心络联合阿司匹林的应用能够有效缓解患者神经功能缺损情况,提升治疗效果,且不会增加药物应用后的不适感受,治疗安全性同样有所保证,值得临床进一步采纳与推广。