A curious lobe

A case of azygos lobe is presented. An azygos lobe is an accessory lobe of the lung that may occasionally be confused with a pathological process such as a bulla, lung abscess or neoplasm. Its pathogenesis is discussed, as are the characteristic x-ray features that enable an accurate diagnosis.     

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??Objective??To find the difference in growth and development of children between full-term symmetric growth restriction??FSGR?? and full-term asymmetric growth restriction??FAGR?? through a general investigation of children born small for gestational age in Shanghai. Methods??This general investigation covered all children under 6 years old in Shanghai. Data on growth were retrospectively obtained from medical records. The P10 of birth head circumference/birthweight of the same gestational age and gender was used to distinguish FSGR and FAGR. Results??The sample contained 10 188 full-term SGA children among whom 8049 were FAGR and 2139 were FSGR. Up to 3 years old??both FSGR and FAGR failed to catch up in weight??height??head circumference and chest circumference. Growth restriction in FAGR was more serious. Significant difference could be seen in weight??t??-3.412??P??0.001?? and chest circumference??t??-2.526??P??0.012?? between FSGR and FAGR at 3 years old. Regarding growth speed??the growth rate of weight ??t??6.272??P??0.001????height ??t??9.143??P??0.001????head circumference ??t??6.063??P??0.001?? and chest circumference ??t??6.617??P??0.001?? were higher in FAGR 6 months after birth??while there was no difference after that. The BMI of FAGR was significantly lower than FSGR before 2 years old. The proportion of children in danger of being overweight was significantly higher in FSGR ??P??0.001??. Conclusion??Both FSGR and FAGR experience catch-up growth after birth??but not enough to catch up with normal children at 3 years old??especially in head circumference. In spite of severer growth restriction??the cath-up growth model of FAGR is superior to FSGR. The proportion of children in danger of being overweight is significantly higher in FSGR.     

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??Abstracts?? Objective To evaluate the association between TBX1 gene mutation and conotruncal defects ??CTDs?? using Meta-analysis. Methods Studies on the relationship between TBX1 gene mutation and CTDs were searched from the databases of Wanfang?? VIP?? CNKI?? PubMed?? Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library from their establishment date to September of 2013. According to the standards of inclusion and exclusion?? articles were evaluated. Poor quality studies were excluded. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies to conduct meta-analysis. R2.15.3 software was applied for statistical analysis. Results Eight eligible studies involving 851 patients were analyzed in the study?? including 6 English literatures and 2 Chinese literatures. Three studies found 15 gene mutations?? and 5 studies found 26 gene polymorphisms. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the pooled TBX1 gene mutation rate was 2.13%??95??CI??0.76%—5.87%??. Conclusion The TBX1 gene mutation rate is low in CTDs patients. TBX1 gene mutation may not be the main genetic factor for CTDs.