中医术语翻译的国际标准与文化传承——从经络部分谈起

根据2007年10月世界卫生组织两太区颁布的<传统医学名词术语国际标准>,就其经络部分的中医术语的翻译,探讨中医术语翻译中的文化传承问题并提出相关策略.     

国外医学术语标准化发展对我国的启示

系统阐述国外医学术语标准化建设的发展状况,分析我国当前医学术语标准化建设的现状,指出建设发展中存在的问题,总结从国外医学术语标准化建设中获得的启示,包括整体规划、增加资金投入、推动应用实施、加强国际合作、加强行业间协调、发展创新及培养高水平人才等.     

Terminology and Reporting Criteria for Radiofrequency Ablation of Tumors in the Scientific Literature: Systematic Review of Compliance with Reporting Standards

Objective

To perform a systematic review of compliance with standardized terminology and reporting criteria for radiofrequency (RF) tumor ablation, proposed by the International Working Group on Image-Guided Tumor Ablation in 2003, in the published reports.

Materials and Methods

Literature search in the PubMed database was performed using index keywords, PubMed limit system, and eligibility criteria. The entire content of each article was reviewed to assess the terminology used for procedure terms, imaging findings, therapeutic efficacy, follow-up, and complications. Accuracy of the terminology and the use of alternative terms instead of standard terminology were analyzed. In addition, disparities in accuracy of terminology in articles according to the medical specialty and the type of radiology journal were evaluated.

Results

Among the articles (n = 308) included in this study, the accuracy of the terms ''procedure or session'', ''treatment'', ''index tumor'', ''ablation zone'', ''technical success'', ''primary technique effectiveness rate'', ''secondary technique effectiveness rate'', ''local tumor progression'', ''major complication'', and ''minor complication'' was 97% (298/307), 97% (291/300), 8% (25/307), 65% (103/159), 55% (52/94), 33% (42/129), 94% (17/18), 45% (88/195), 99% (79/80), and 100% (77/77), respectively. The overall accuracy of each term showed a tendency to improve over the years. The most commonly used alternative terms for ''technical success'' and ''local tumor progression'' were ''complete ablation'' and ''local (tumor) recurrence'', respectively. The accuracy of terminology in articles published in radiology journals was significantly greater than that of terminology in articles published in non-radiology journals, especially in Radiology and The Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.

Conclusion

The proposal for standardization of terminology and reporting criteria for RF tumor ablation has been gaining support according to the recently published scientific reports, especially in the field of radiology. However, more work is still needed for the complete standardization of terminology.     

国际抗癫痫联盟关于发作和癫痫分类框架术语及概念最新修订版的解读

国际抗癫痫联盟(International League Against Epilepsy,ILAE)分类和术语委员会2010年制定的发作和癫痫分类框架术语及概念修订版旨在进一步建立和规范发作和癫痫分类术语及概念的国际共识,反映术语与分类的基本关系,以指导临床实践,尤其是指导制定更合适的治疗方案。对于以往的全面性发作和局灶性发作分类法,目前强调依据网络的起源方式重新进行定义,其中双侧起源为全面性发作,局限于一侧为局灶性发作。此外,建议使用遗传性、结构性/代谢性和未知病因这3个术语以替代原来的特发性、症状性和隐源性。新的报告还首次使用了一些特定的术语,如电-临床综合征、相对明确的癫痫群体和癫痫性脑病等。本文对ILAE关于发作和癫痫分类框架术语及概念最新修订版进行了解读。     

Epidemiology and Clinical Patterns of Ocular Trauma at a Level 1 Trauma Center in Korea

BackgroundTo evaluate the patterns of distribution and clinical manifestations of ocular injuries referred to the level 1 trauma center of Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH) in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed 254 of 4,287 patients who were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at the level 1 trauma center of the PNUH, from January 2016 through December 2018. Data on the incidence of ocular injuries, sex, age, monthly and seasonal distribution, day and time of injury, side of injury, cause, residence of patients, referral time to an ophthalmologist and subsequent examination time, final visual acuity (VA), and complications were obtained from medical records and retrospectively reviewed. The patients were grouped according to their main diagnosis using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS) and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS).ResultsThe incidence of ocular injuries with major trauma was higher in men (n = 207, 81.5%), the median age at time of injury was 54 years, and Pusan recorded the most cases. The incidences of ocular injury were 1.47/100,000, 1.57/100,000, 1.48/100,000 in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The most common cause was by a motorbike accident, followed by a pedestrian traffic accident and falls. According to the BETTS classification, open-globe injuries represented 4% of cases, closed-globe injuries represented 12.6%, and other injuries represented 83.1%. Open-globe injuries were significantly associated with low final VA (P = 0.01). In the OTS, 79.4% of patients received 4 or 5 points and 13.7% of patients received 1 or 2 points. The patients who received 1 or 2 points in the OTS score showed final VA below hand movement (P < 0.001), except for two patients. Lid laceration and low initial VA were highly correlated with poor final VA (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study on the epidemiology and clinical manifestations in trauma patients with ocular injuries at a level 1 trauma center. The incidences of ocular injuries with major trauma were about 1.47–1.57/100,000. BETTS, OTS, lid laceration and initial VA were associated with final VA. We expect our study to provide a basis of data for the evaluation, prevention, and management of ocular injuries in patients with systemic trauma.     

Segmental anatomy of the liver: a review and a proposal for an international working nemenclature

The segmental anatomy of the human liver has become a field of increasing interest to radiologists during the past the past few years. The number of different terminologies which have been used since the topic has been systematically investigated is, however, a source of serious confusion. The present paper describes the reasons why the authors plead for an international working nomenclature which distinguishes a right hemiliver consisting of a right posterior and a right anterior segment, formed by subsegments 6 and 7, and 5 and 8, respectively, and a left hemiliver consisting of a left medial and a left lateral segment, the former corresponding to segment 4, and the latter to subsegments 2 and 3. This basic concept, however, must be carefully tailored to the highly variable individual anatomy of each patient. Furthermore, some aspects of hepatic segmentation are not yet understood and require additional anatomical investigation.Correspondence to: J. H. D. Fasel     

美容医学的术语学、元医学及分类学研究

根据医学术语学、元医学及医学分类的原理，概括论述了美容医学的名称、性质以及分类。认为“美容医学”应成为该学科的术语；美容医学的性质是科学、技术与艺术三者的统一，特别是美容医学的艺术性是由于其目的、手段、基础所决定的；从分类学上说，美容医学是按目的命名的，是临床医学扩展的产物。     

What's in a name? Justifying terminology for genomic findings beyond the initial test indication: A scoping review

Genome sequencing can generate findings beyond the initial test indication that may be relevant to a patient or research participant’s health. In the decade since the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published its recommendations for reporting these findings, consensus regarding terminology has remained elusive and a variety of terms are in use globally. We conducted a scoping review to explore terminology choice and the justifications underlying those choices. Documents were included if they contained a justification for their choice of term(s) related to findings beyond the initial genomic test indication. From 3571 unique documents, 52 were included, just over half of which pertained to the clinical context (n = 29, 56%). We identified four inter-related concepts used to defend or oppose terms: expectedness of the finding, effective communication, relatedness to the original test indication, and how genomic information was generated. A variety of justifications were used to oppose the term “incidental,” whereas “secondary” had broader support as a term to describe findings deliberately sought. Terminology choice would benefit from further work to include the views of patients. We contend that clear definitions will improve ethical debate and support communication about genomic findings beyond the initial test indication.