Diffusion-weighted MRI and PET/CT reproducibility in epithelial ovarian cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

PurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)-Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer.Materials and methodsTen women (median age, 67 years; range: 41.8–77.3 years) with stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancers were included in this prospective trial (NCT02792959) between 2014 and 2016. All underwent initial laparoscopic staging, four cycles of carboplatine-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery. PET/CT and DW-MRI were performed at baseline (C0), after one cycle (C1) and before surgery (C4). Two nuclear physicians and two radiologists assessed five anatomic sites for the presence of ≥ 1 lesion. Target lesions in each site were defined and their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), maximal standardized uptake value (SUV-max), SUV-mean, SUL-peak, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were monitored (i.e., 10 patients × 5 sites × 3 time-points). Their relative early and late changes were calculated. Intra/inter-observer reproducibilities of qualitative and quantitative analysis were estimated with Kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsFor both modalities, inter- and intra-observer agreement percentages were excellent for initial staging but declined later for DW-MRI, leading to lower Kappa values for inter- and intra-observer variability (0.949 and 1 at C0, vs. 0.633 and 0.643 at C4, respectively) while Kappa values remained > 0.8 for PET/CT. Inter- and intra-observer ICCs were > 0.75 for SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their change regardless the time-point. ADC showed lower ICCs (range: 0.013–0.811). ANOVA found significant influences of the evaluation time, the measurement used (ADC, SUV-max, SUV-mean, SUV-max, SUL-peak, MTV or TLG) and their interaction on ICC values (P = 0.0023, P< 0.0001 and P =0.0028, respectively).ConclusionWhile both modalities demonstrated high reproducibility at baseline, only SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their changes maintained high reproducibility during chemotherapy.     

Transcervical approach with endoscopic assistance for surgical treatment of patient with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation: a case report

We demonstrate the case of a surgery in a patient with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IrAAD) after C2 fracture. The challenges of this case were the flexed head in a forced position, impossibility of neck extension, and revision operation after posterior occipito-cervical fixation. The patient underwent the following surgeries: 1. A ventral release of C1-C2 using transcervical endoscopy; 2. Removal of occipito-cervical system and fibrous block resection in the posterior surfaces of the C1-C2; 3. Reducing of AAD and odontoid screw fixation; 4. Posterior C1-C2-C3 screw fixation. Ankylosing of C1-C2 and C2-C3-C4 fusion was verified by computed tomography scan. There was an improvement in patient status as observed by the increase of the SF-36 scale scores.The use of endoscopic transcervical approach is a good alternative to the transoral approach. Comparative studies of these methods should be performed regarding the choice of an optimal method of decompression in cases of IrAAD.     

小分子抗血管生成药物在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

肺癌是世界上发病率最高的癌症之一，且尚无二线进展后的标准治疗方案，而肿瘤血管生成目前已被确定为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗靶点，小分子多靶点血管激酶抑制剂可通过抑制血管生成相关信号通路，抑制肿瘤血管的生成。目前已开展多项小分子抗血管生成药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床试验，且已有部分血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, VEGFR-TKIs）获批治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌，本文基于国内外多项小分子抗血管生成药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的发展现状，归纳了多个VEGFR-TKIs及成纤维细胞生长因子受体（fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR）-TKI单药或联合[包括分别与化疗、表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）-TKIs、免疫治疗、放疗等联合）]治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效与安全性研究，同时探讨了VEGFR-TKIs可能存在的耐药机制及疗效预测指标等，并对未来抗血管治疗非小细胞肺癌的发展趋势以及存在的潜在问题进行展望，同时为肺癌后续的精准治疗及个体化治疗提供新的思路。     

张应力对小鼠蝶枕软骨联合细胞增殖及低氧诱导因子- 1α表达的影响

目的:了解循环张应力对小鼠颅底蝶枕软骨联合细胞(SOSCs)增殖及低氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响。方法:采集1 d龄小鼠的SOSCs进行体外培养,对第三代细胞加载牵张形变率分别为3%、6%、9%,频率为1 Hz,持续时间为1 h的循环张应力;用流式细胞术测算细胞增殖指数,用蛋白免疫印迹技术分析Hif-1α的表达水平。用按相同条件培养但不加力的细胞作为对照。结果:各实验组细胞的增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量都高于对照组(P<0.05);其中,6%牵张形变率组的细胞增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量较对照组增加最多。结论:适宜强度的循环张应力对体外培养小鼠SOSCs的增殖和Hif-1α表达具有促进作用。     

Association between R1 resection and oncological outcome in resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors without tumor rupture: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe influence of positive microscopic margin (R1) resection on the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is controversial. Tumor rupture is significantly associated with the occurrence of R1 resection and may be a confounder of R1 resection in GISTs. The present meta-analysis evaluated the real influence of R1 resection on the prognosis of GISTs by excluding the confounding effect of tumor rupture.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Studies that compared R1 with negative microscopic margin (R0) resection in GIST patients and reported the time-to-event data of recurrence-free survival (RFS) or disease-free survival (DFS) were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsOf the 4896 records screened, 23 retrospective studies with 6248 participants were selected. In the overall analysis, R1 resection resulted in a significantly shorter RFS/DFS than R0 resection for GISTs (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.54–2.10, P < 0.001, I² = 14%). However, the inferior RFS/DFS vanished when tumor rupture cases were excluded (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.98–1.83, P = 0.07, I² = 33%). Sensitivity analysis by high-quality studies brought about a more robust HR of 1.15 (95% CI = 0.88–1.50, P = 0.29), with low heterogeneity (I² = 0%). The qualities of evidence for the outcomes were high.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that R1 resection did not influence the survival outcome of GISTs. Reresection may not be necessary when positive microscopic margins exist. This analysis could provide high-quality evidence for the development of guidelines.     

GLP-1类似物在糖尿病肾病患者中的疗效分析

目的观察胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)类似物对2型糖尿病早期肾病患者的肾脏保护作用。方法2017年11月—2019年12月间选取使用GLP-1类似物并参与随访的2型糖尿病早期肾病患者30例,收集患者治疗6个月前后的体重,体质指数(body mass index,BMI),腰围,臀围,血糖,生化指标等,计算胰岛β细胞功能相关指标,进行对比分析。结果治疗后腰围、2 hPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、ALB、MA/Cr、UA较治疗前降低,HOMA-β较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析示:HbA1c与MA/Cr呈负相关性(r=-0.421,P<0.05);HOMA-β、TG、TC、UA与MA/Cr呈正相关性(r=0.777,P<0.05;r=0.757,P<0.05;r=0.470,P<0.05;r=0.443,P<0.05)。HbA1c与ALB呈负相关性(r=-0.433,P<0.05);HOMA-β、TG、TC、UA与ALB呈正相关性(r=0.723,P<0.05;r=0.756,P<0.05;r=0.493,P<0.05;r=0.374,P<0.05)。结论GLP-1类似物对2型糖尿病早期肾病患者有较好的降糖、调脂、改善胰岛功能、保护肾脏的作用,而且降血糖、降血脂、改善胰岛功能可能有益于肾脏保护。