居家个性化护理,助脑梗死患者早日康复

脑梗死也叫作缺血性脑卒中,是中老年人群中常见的一种脑血管疾病,死亡率、致残率均较高。脑梗死急性期须治疗1~2周,出院后也须长期服药预防复发,从康复角度来讲,也须进行3~6个月的康复治疗。许多老年患者在治疗的过程中会产生恐惧、焦虑等情绪,对治疗配合度、治疗效果均有着一定的影响。因此,脑梗死护理在治疗过程中起着非常重要的作用,患者需要接受个性化的身心护理来配合治疗。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

神经内分泌肿瘤非手术治疗研究进展

近30年来, 神经内分泌肿瘤的发病率快速增长近6倍, 且由于患者生存期相对较长, 导致患病人数激增, 给患者、家庭及社会带来极大的负担。而对于神经内分泌肿瘤的诊疗规范在近10年才逐步受到重视, 临床对其认识仍存在严重不足, 药物治疗效果仍不理想, 因此, 本文主要对分化好的神经内分泌瘤的生物治疗、靶向治疗、核素治疗以及低分化的神经内分泌癌的化疗的临床研究做一综述, 希望对该类患者的规范化治疗提供一定的临床指导。     

“三明治”式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症疗效分析

总结"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症的临床经验, 观察其临床疗效和并发症。回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月在临沂市肿瘤医院接受手术治疗的27例动静脉畸形巨唇症患者的临床资料, 其中男14例, 女13例;中位年龄4.5岁(2～57岁);上唇18例, 下唇9例。所有患者在手术前均接受过(外院或本院)5～10次的介入栓塞硬化治疗, 巨唇外形改善均不明显, 3例病变进展增大。本组病例均采用"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗。共行"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术28例次(1例2次手术)。27例次患者一期切口愈合, 1例部分黏膜坏死, 后经换药后愈合。有2例分别于术后半年内局部复发。随访1～3年, 远期疗效评价Ⅲ级(好)24例, Ⅱ级(中)3例, Ⅰ级(差)0例。"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术切口隐蔽, 立体式切除病变彻底, 能最大限度保留三维结构, 术后外形和功能良好, 远期疗效好, 建议临床推广该手术方式。     

不同阶段神经梅毒与血清固定患者外周血Th1、Th2和Th17相关细胞因子分析

目的 检测不同临床阶段神经梅毒与梅毒血清固定患者外周血Th1、Th2及Th17相关细胞因子表达水平，以了解患者细胞免疫相关因子状况。方法 收集苏州大学附属第二医院及苏州高新区人民医院2017年9月-2021年10月期间确诊为神经梅毒的患者79例(包括无症状型6例，早期23例，晚期50例),血清固定患者65例，对照组(健康体检者)30例。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组外周血中Th1细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ)、Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-10)及Th17细胞因子(TNF、IL-17A)的表达水平，统计分析检测结果。结果 IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17A在神经梅毒、血清固定患者和对照组间的水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。神经梅毒和血清固定患者外周血IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4高于对照组且IL-17A低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。神经梅毒与血清固定患者外周血Th1、Th2、Th17相关细胞因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17A在不同临床阶段神经梅毒患者和对照组间的含量变化差异有统...