浅析用人单位职业病防治的法定义务

<中华人民共和国职业病防治法>是关系到亿万劳动者身体健康和切身利益的一部卫生法律,它的颁布实施体现了党和政府对广大劳动者身体健康的关怀,是我国社会主义民主与法制建设的重要成果,<职业病防治法>强调从源头上预防和控制职业病危害,明确规定了用人单位、劳动者、职业卫生技术服务机构、卫生行政部门和其他单位在职业病防治中的权利、义务和应当承担的法律责任.本文仅就用人单位职业病防治的法定义务作一简述,以供同仁更好地理解执行<职业病防治法>.     

弹性止痛枕用于胸部手术切口止痛效果的观察

目的 经过循证了解胸部手术切口疼痛产生的原理,观察弹性止痛枕作用于胸部手术切口的止痛效果.方法 选择50例在我院行胸部切口手术的患者,根据术后是否使用弹性止痛枕分为实验组(26例)和对照组(24例),对比分析两组研究对象的VAS评分,评价弹性止痛枕对胸部手术切口处止痛的效果.结果 实验组中,23例患者术后第7天的VAS评分为(1.85±0.99),而对照组中14例患者的VAS评分为(2.23±1.12).统计学分析显示实验组明显低于对照组(P＜0.035).结论 胸部手术切口使用弹性加压止痛枕是一种有效的物理止痛方法.     

留置胃管的方法与护理

重点综述了不同病人留置胃管的方法、胃管的选择和插入深度 ,对留置胃管期间出现的并发症及其不良反应的预防和护理也做了总结 ,提出要根据病人的具体情况选择适宜的胃管及置管法。     

弹性止痛枕用于胸部手术切口止痛效果的观察

目的经过循证了解胸部手术切口疼痛产生的原理,观察弹性止痛枕作用于胸部手术切口的止痛效果。方法选择50例在我院行胸部切口手术的患者,根据术后是否使用弹性止痛枕分为实验组(26例)和对照组(24例),对比分析两组研究对象的VAS评分,评价弹性止痛枕对胸部手术切口处止痛的效果。结果实验组中,23例患者术后第7天的VAS评分为(1.85±0.99),而对照组中14例患者的VAS评分为(2.23±1.12)。统计学分析显示实验组明显低于对照组(P<0.035)。结论胸部手术切口使用弹性加压止痛枕是一种有效的物理止痛方法。     

单胺氧化酶B基因多态与早发帕金森病的相关性

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)and early-onset Parkinson's disease(EOPD).Methods Polymerase chsin reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genotypes of polymorphisms in MAO-B in 65 patients in EOPD group(early-onset age<50 years),60 in late-onset Parkinson's disease(LOPD) group(late-onset age≥160 years)and 66 healthy controls(<50 years).Results The frequency of AA genotype was higher in EOPD groups(49/65,75.4%)than in healthy controls(34/66,51.5%),and the difference between them was statistically significant(x2=8.075,P=0.018).The frequency of AA genotype between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and male healthy controls,between female in EOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequencies of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and LOPD group,between female in EOPD group and in LOPD group had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in LOPD group and in healthy controls,between female in LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of A alleles was higher in EOPD group(107/130,82.3%)than in healthy controls(87/132,65.9%)and the difierence between them was statistical significant(x2=9.165,P=0.002).The frequency of A allele between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele was higher in male EOPD group (60/70,85.7%) than in male healthy controls(51/72,70. 8% ), the difference between them was statistically significant (X2 =4. 606, P=0. 032) ;the frequency of A alleles was higher in female in EOPD group (47/60,78. 3% ) than in female healthy controls(36/60,60. 0% ), the difference between them was statistical significance( x2 =4. 728, P = 0. 030). The frequency of A alleles between male EOPD group and male LOPD group, between female EOPD group and female LOPD group had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele between male LOPD group and male healthy controls, between female LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance. Conclusions The AA genotype of MAO-B is the risk factor of EOPD. The A allele of MAO-B is a risk factor of EOPD group for both male and female.     

药源性间质性肺疾病

药源性间质性肺疾病(DI-ILD)是最常见的药源性肺部疾病,目前已知多种药物可导致间质性肺疾病,其发病机制与药物引起的变态反应和直接细胞毒性作用有关。此类疾病临床症状、影像学及组织病理学表现均无特异性,临床诊断DI-ILD需根据病史(用药史)、临床特点、胸部影像学、组织病理学改变及治疗效果。临床疑诊DI-ILD时应立刻停药并应用糖皮质激素。若及时干预,预后良好。     

应用PDCA循环控制糖耐量减低患者危险因素的研究

糖耐量减低(IGT)是指患者的血糖值介于健康人与糖尿病(DM)患者之间的一种中间状态,国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)[1]及美国糖尿病协会(ADA)[2]的研究报告认为,几乎所有的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者在发病前都要经过IGT阶段.因此加强对IGT的防治,及时筛选IGT患者,应用PDCA循环控制IGT患者危险因素,减少或延缓DM的发生,具有重要的意义.     

煤矿工人工作倦怠的工作要求-资源模型

目的:建立矿工工作倦怠的工作要求-资源模型,为矿工倦怠干预提供理论依据.方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样,抽取井工煤矿一线矿工568名,用自编矿工工作倦怠、工作要求-资源问卷及社会支持评定量表进行调查.对数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析.结果:建立的矿工倦怠的JD-R模型中工作要求对矿工工作倦怠的三个维度均有比较明显的影响(路径系数分别为0.49、0.55、0.70);工作资源对生理疲乏、情感耗竭有预测作用(路径系数分别为-0.34、-0.43)且为模型中有中介的调节变量;社会支持对情感耗竭、疏离工作维度有预测作用(路径系数分别为-0.31、-0.37)且为模型中有调节的中介变量.结论:针对矿工特性提出的矿工倦怠JD-R模型对矿工倦怠成因具有良好的解释能力,可以为矿工倦怠干预提供理论依据.     

单胺氧化酶B基因多态与早发帕金森病的相关性

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)and early-onset Parkinson's disease(EOPD).Methods Polymerase chsin reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genotypes of polymorphisms in MAO-B in 65 patients in EOPD group(early-onset age<50 years),60 in late-onset Parkinson's disease(LOPD) group(late-onset age≥160 years)and 66 healthy controls(<50 years).Results The frequency of AA genotype was higher in EOPD groups(49/65,75.4%)than in healthy controls(34/66,51.5%),and the difference between them was statistically significant(x2=8.075,P=0.018).The frequency of AA genotype between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and male healthy controls,between female in EOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequencies of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and LOPD group,between female in EOPD group and in LOPD group had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in LOPD group and in healthy controls,between female in LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of A alleles was higher in EOPD group(107/130,82.3%)than in healthy controls(87/132,65.9%)and the difierence between them was statistical significant(x2=9.165,P=0.002).The frequency of A allele between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele was higher in male EOPD group (60/70,85.7%) than in male healthy controls(51/72,70. 8% ), the difference between them was statistically significant (X2 =4. 606, P=0. 032) ;the frequency of A alleles was higher in female in EOPD group (47/60,78. 3% ) than in female healthy controls(36/60,60. 0% ), the difference between them was statistical significance( x2 =4. 728, P = 0. 030). The frequency of A alleles between male EOPD group and male LOPD group, between female EOPD group and female LOPD group had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele between male LOPD group and male healthy controls, between female LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance. Conclusions The AA genotype of MAO-B is the risk factor of EOPD. The A allele of MAO-B is a risk factor of EOPD group for both male and female.     

卡培他滨沙利度胺治疗晚期乳腺癌对比研究

目的观察沙利度胺联合卡培他滨对晚期乳腺癌的疗效及毒性。方法46例Ⅲ～Ⅳ晚期乳腺癌随机分为卡培他滨联合沙利度胺组（A组）和卡培他滨组（B组）,A组23例接受卡培他滨2500mg/m2,分早晚两次餐后30min温开水送服,第1～14天,间隔7天,沙利度胺100mg,口服,第1～14天,21天为1周期,化疗4个周期;B组23例不服用沙利度胺。结果A组：CR3例,PR9例,SD8例,PD3例,有效率52.2%,疾病控制率为87%;B组：CR1例,PR4例,SD13例,PD5例,有效率21.7%,疾病控制率为73.9%。结论卡培他滨联合沙利度胺治疗晚期乳腺癌疗效较好,不良反应轻,患者可耐受。