A Risk Prediction Model for Ischemic Stroke in Southern Chinese Population: Impact of Multiple Genetic Variants and Clinical/Lifestyle Factors

With a global prevalence of 7.7 million, ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In China, IS alone contributed to 69.6％? of stroke events and accounted for 37.1％? of the mortality/disability rate[1]. IS is a complex disease that is known to be associated?with?various?genetic?variants?and?clinical and lifestyle risk factors[2]. Genome -wide association studies (GWAS) provided evidence for the?occurrence?of?more?than?160?IS-associated?single nucleotide?polymorphisms?(SNPs).?In?terms?of?clinical risk factors, patients with a history of chronic diseases like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, display a higher risk of developing IS. Among the various lifestyle components, leading a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and having an unhealthy diet are known to be associated with the risk of IS. Thus, integration of various genetic, clinical, and lifestyle variables might prove to be highly beneficial in the prediction and prevention of IS?at?the?individual?level[3].     

Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

Effects of erbium,chromium:YSGG laser irradiation on canine mandibular bone

BACKGROUND: Only relatively few reports have described the morphological effects on bone produced by erbium,chromium: yttrium,scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation, and none has investigated the atomic changes or estimated the temperature increases involved. The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphological, atomic, and temperature changes in irradiated areas during and after laser irradiation, and to evaluate the cutting effect on canine mandibular bone in vitro. METHODS: Two canine mandibular bones were cut into 3 to 5 cm pieces and irradiated by an Er,Cr:YSGG laser utilizing a water-air spray at 5 W and 8 Hz for 10 or 30 seconds. During and after laser irradiation, temperature increases in the irradiated areas were measured by thermography. The samples were then observed by stereoscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine morphological changes and by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to evaluate atomic alterations. RESULTS: Regular holes or grooves having sharp edges and smooth walls were produced, but no melting or carbonization was observed. The maximum temperature increase was an average 12.6 degrees C for 30-second irradiation. The continuous time of a temperature increase of more than 10 degrees C was consistently less than 10 seconds. An atomic analytical examination revealed that the calcium:phosphorus ratio was not significantly changed between the lased and unlased areas (P>0.0 1). CONCLUSION: These results showed that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser cuts canine mandibular bone effectively without burning, melting, or altering the calcium:phosphorus ratio of the irradiated bone.     

Research and Application of Adlay in Medicinal Field

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) adlay has been used as a dietary supplement to promote health and treat various ailments for thousands of years.The effective and safe ingredients of TCM could be used as sources for developing new drugs.This paper reviews the main research and application of adlay seed in medicinal field in the following aspects:botanical resource,ethnopharmacological function,chemical constituents,pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,safety evaluation and toxicity,and clinical application.We hope that the review could help researchers mine the scientific values of adlay seed,innovative drug design,provide the guidance for the application in clinical therapy,and enhance the academic level and clinical efficacy of adlay seed.     

阴道加德纳菌分离培养及快速鉴定

细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginnosis,BV),也称非特异性阴道炎,临床表现为阴道分泌物增加并伴有典型的腥臭味,呈灰白色,均匀一致,稀薄,黏度很低。该病主要病原体之一是阴道加德纳菌(Gardnerrela vaginalis,Gv)本文报告阴道加德纳菌分离培养及快速鉴定方法。1材料与方法1．1标本来源妇科门诊细菌性阴道病疑似病人136例。用无菌棉拭子采集阴道分泌物。1．2改良人血哥伦比亚选择培养基用哥伦比亚琼脂19．5 g,添加多蛋白胨2．5 g,10g/L酵母浸膏溶于蒸馏水450 ml,加热溶解调整pH为7．0-7．4。高压灭菌,冷却至50℃左右无菌手续添加人血30 ml、组合抑菌剂1瓶(购于Oxoid公司,含庆大霉素2．0 mg、二性霉素B 1．0 mg、奈啶酮酸15．0 mg)混匀,倾注平板。     

Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated

The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after HIV-1 transmission, we isolated and studied gp41-reactive plasma cells from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1. The frequencies of somatic mutations were relatively high in these gp41-reactive antibodies. Reverted unmutated ancestors of gp41-reactive antibodies derived from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1 frequently did not react with autologous HIV-1 Env; however, these antibodies were polyreactive and frequently bound to host or bacterial antigens. In one large clonal lineage of gp41-reactive antibodies, reactivity to HIV-1 Env was acquired only after somatic mutations. Polyreactive gp41-binding antibodies were also isolated from uninfected individuals. These data suggest that the majority of gp41-binding antibodies produced after acute HIV-1 infection are cross-reactive responses generated by stimulating memory B cells that have previously been activated by non-HIV-1 antigens.     

Lund概念与重型颅脑创伤后脑水肿的治疗

目的 探讨采用Lund概念提出的新型治疗方法能否降低严重颅脑损伤患者的病死率.方法 将68例格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)3～8分的严重颅脑损伤患者按照随机原则分为对照组(38例)和Lund组(30例).对照组以常规治疗方法控制颅内压(ICP);Lund组采用Lund概念提供的治疗措施,术后5 d连续监测ICP、脑灌注压(CPP).结果 Lund组5 d甘露醇用量(g)较对照组明显减少(139.6±25.0比587.5±31.8,P＜0.01);Lund组28 d病死率显著低于对照组(30.0%比57.9%,P＜0.05).Lund组中死亡者(9例)ICP＞25 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、ICP＞35 mm Hg、CPP＜50 mm Hg的比例显著高于生存者[21例,分别为(45.0±23.2)%比(7.2±3.6)%,(40.2±18.6)%比(2.2±1.6)%,(35.9±12.9)%比(3.1±2.4)%,均P＜0.05].结论 采用Lund概念治疗方法能降低严重颅脑损伤患者颅脑手术后的病死率.