循经针刺对偏头痛的即刻疗效及其机制探讨

目的:观察循经针刺治疗偏头痛患者的即可疗效,并通过检测降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、血浆内皮素(ET)和五羟色胺(5-HT)的表达情况探讨其机制。方法:选取2017年2月至2018年2月天津中医药大学附属武清中医院收治的偏头痛患者85例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=40),排除不良反应的5例,2组均为40例,观察组予以循经针刺法针刺少阳经的角孙、风池、外关、阳陵泉和丘墟穴,对照组予以非经非穴治疗。于治疗前及治疗后0. 5、1、2和4 h进行偏头痛积分和VAS(视觉模拟量表评分)评估;采用放射免疫法检测降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和血浆内皮素(ET),利用ELISA(酶联免疫吸附剂测定)检测五羟色胺(5-HT),观察2组患者治疗前和治疗后4 h的表达情况,探讨循经针刺的疗效机制。记录研究过程中存在的不良反应。结果:1)观察组循经针刺对偏头痛的临床有效率是90. 00%,对照组是67. 50%,观察组的临床有效率优于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2) 2组治疗后0. 5、1、2和4 h的偏头痛积分和VAS评分均较治疗前下降(P 0. 05),仅治疗后2 h及治疗后4 h的偏头痛积分和VAS评分较对照组低(P 0. 05)。3) 2组治疗前CGRP和ET的表达差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);与治疗前比较,2组治疗4 h后均可下调CGRP和ET的表达水平(P 0. 05);观察组治疗后CGRP和ET的下调水平优于对照组(P 0. 05)。4) 2组治疗前5-HT的表达无比较,差异统计学异议(P 0. 05);与治疗前比较,2组治疗4 h后均上调5-HT的表达水平(P 0. 05),其中观察组优于对照组(P 0. 05)。5)研究过程中5例患者出现不良反应,其中观察组出现3例(晕针2例+局部出血1例),对照组2例(晕针1例+局部出血1例)。晕针患者平卧取针后即可恢复,局部出血则以局部按压进行止血处理。整个研究过程中均未出现严重不良反应。结论:循经针刺治疗偏头痛患者的即刻疗效于治疗后0. 5 h症状开始缓解,于治疗后4 h疗效最佳,其即刻疗效可能与上调CGRP和5-HT表达水平和下调ET表达水平有关。     

偏头痛采用阿司匹林和尼莫地平治疗的临床比较

目的：探讨在治疗偏头痛方面阿司匹林和尼莫地平的效果。方法选取2012年5月—2014年5月来我院治疗的114例偏头痛患者，随机分为2组各57例，命名为试验组和对照组。对照组患者采用尼莫地平治疗，试验组患者采用阿司匹林治疗，记录2组患者的治疗效果、并发症发生情况及半年内的复发情况等，并进行对比分析。结果经过一段时间治疗后，试验组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05），且并发症发生率、半年内复发率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论阿司匹林治疗偏头痛的效果显著，并发症发生率和复发率也都比较低，安全性高，值得在临床上推广使用。     

Efficacy of treatment of insomnia in migraineurs with eszopiclone (Lunesta®) and its effect on total sleep time,headache frequency,and daytime functioning: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,pilot study

Aims:

A review on headache and insomnia revealed that insomnia is a risk factor for increased headache frequency and headache intensity in migraineurs. The authors designed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, pilot study in which migraineurs who also had insomnia were enrolled, to test this observation.

Methodology:

In the study, the authors treated 79 subjects with IHS-II migraine with and/or without aura and with DSM-IV primary insomnia for 6 weeks with 3 mg eszopiclone (Lunesta^®) or placebo at bedtime. The treatment was preceded by a 2-week baseline period and followed by a 2-week run-out period.

Results:

Of the 79 subjects treated, 75 were evaluable, 35 in the eszopiclone group, and 40 in the placebo group. At baseline, the groups were comparable except for sleep latency. Of the three remaining sleep variables, total sleep time, nighttime awakenings, and sleep quality, the number of nighttime awakenings during the 6-week treatment period was significantly lower in the eszopiclone group than in the placebo group (P?=?0·03). Of the three daytime variables, alertness, fatigue, and functioning, this was also the case for fatigue (P?=?005). The headache variables, frequency, duration, and intensity, did not show a difference from placebo during the 6-week treatment period.

Conclusions:

The study did not meet primary endpoint, that is, the difference in total sleep time during the 6-week treatment period between eszopiclone and placebo was less than 40 minutes. Therefore, it failed to answer the question as to whether insomnia is, indeed, a risk factor for increased headache frequency and headache intensity in migraineurs.     

The role of the otolaryngologist in the evaluation and management of headaches

Background

Headaches are commonly evaluated in otolaryngology and often represent a diagnostic dilemma. This review addresses rhinogenic headache as well as trigeminal neuralgia and migraine, both of which can masquerade as sinus headache and whose management increasingly involves otolaryngology intervention. Discussion considers diagnostic criteria and novel therapies and derives an algorithm for clinical decision-making.

La vasodilatation a-t-elle un rôle dans la migraine ? Oui

The role of vasodilatation in migraine pathophysiology is still debated with three hypotheses. The first is that vasodilatation of meningeal or intracranial arteries are the primary cause of pain. The second is that vasodilatation is secondary to neuronal activation, but can sustain or increase pain through sensitized perivascular nociceptors. The third is that vasodilatation is an epiphenomenon neither sufficient nor necessary for pain. We review in this part the arguments in favor of the old hypothesis that vasodilation is the primary cause of pain. Finally we show that there is a mild vasodilation during the attacks provoked by CGRP infusion.     

偏头痛预防性药物治疗降低血清谷氨酸水平研究

目的探讨谷氨酸在偏头痛中发病机制的作用及水平变化。方法抽选珠海市平沙医院门诊或者住院诊断为偏头痛患者60例,随机分组分为预防性药物治疗组(应用西比灵治疗)和常规药物治疗组,各30例。同时选择60例健康人员作为对照组,不进行任何药物治疗。测量所选对象体内血清谷氨酸水平,比较偏头痛及对照正常组患者用药前及用药后8 w血浆中谷氨酸水平及用药前后头痛发作时间。同时对比治疗组两种方法治疗后患者头痛发作频率。结果药物使用前,治疗组患者谷氨酸水平为(235.6±25.6)μmol/L,明显高于对照组,P<0.01;治疗后8 w,治疗组谷氨酸水平明显下降,与对照组比较,P>0.05;治疗后,预防性药物治疗组患者谷氨酸水平明显降低,发作频率明显减少,与对照组相比,P<0.05。结论偏头痛患者血清内谷氨酸水平明显提高,预防性药物明显能够降低谷氨酸水平,降低头痛发作频率。     

What is the link between migraine and psychiatric disorders? From epidemiology to therapeutics

The association between migraine and psychiatric disorders is well documented through numerous population-based studies. The results of these studies are coherent and show an increased risk of suffering from depression, bipolar disorders, numerous anxiety disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder. This raises the question of stress as a precipitating factor for migraine illness. Psychiatric comorbidity is even more frequent in chronic migraine than in episodic migraine patients. Many prospective studies have shown that psychiatric comorbidity could be considered as a risk factor for migraine chronicization. Psychiatric comorbidity is also responsible for an increase of the frequency of anti-migraine drug intake, a worsening of quality of life and a worsening of functional impairment. It is also responsible for an increase in the direct and indirect costs of migraine. The reason why psychiatric comorbidity is so high in migraineurs is not unambiguous. Multiple causal relationships and common etiological factors are linked. Recently, genome-wide association studies gave leads to a genetic common heritability between major depressive disorder and migraine. For clinicians, an important topic remains how to treat migraineurs with psychiatric comorbidity. These patients suffer frequently from severe migraine or refractory migraine. Antidepressant and anti-convulsive drugs can be useful, as well as psychological therapies. But moreover, it is of utmost importance to propose an integrated multidisciplinary approach to these difficult patients.     

Is ocular vascularity affected in young migraine patients? A pilot study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate ocular vascularity in young adult migraine patients with visual aura and without visual aura.Material and MethodsThe study included 30 patients with migraine with visual aura (MWVA), 30 patients with migraine without visual aura (MWOVA), and 30 healthy control subjects, all between ages ≥18 and <45. Migraine patients were applied Headache Impact Test (HIT) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ocular vascularity of all participants were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).ResultsThe MWVA group had significantly lower superficial and deep foveal vascular density values compared to the control group (p = 0.039, p = 0.028, respectively). The foveal avascular zone was significantly enlarged in the MWVA group compared to the control group (p = 0.033). MWVA patients had significantly lower whole optic disc, optic disc inside, peripapillary, superior hemisphere, inferior hemisphere, superior quadrant, and temporal quadrant vascular density values compared to the control group (p < 0.05 all), while there was no significant difference in the nasal quadrant (p = 0.083). Migraine attack frequency, MIDAS, and HIT were negatively correlated with ocular vascular density values.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that young adult patients with MWVA are at risk of decreased ocular vascularity and that this risk may increase with frequency and severity of migraine attacks.