动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后预防痫性发作的调查及结果分析

调查我国神经外科医师对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后预防痫性发作的认知和决策现况。设计《动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血预防性使用抗癫痫药物的问卷》, 通过"问卷星"网络平台进行数据采集。2021年7至10月, 共收集有效问卷82份, 符合纳入标准的有43份。受访者来自32个省、市、自治区年收治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血100例以上的医学院附属医院。仅有9.3%(4/43)的受访者不认同预防用药, 86.04%(37/43)的受访医师在临床实践中进行预防性用药, 丙戊酸钠(94.59%, 35/37)是最常用的预防药物。各中心预防性用药的时长从<3 d至>14 d不等, 具有很大差异。脑电图的应用率、我国神经外科医师临床观察到的痫性发作比例均较低。调查结果提示, 目前我国动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后预防痫性发作的临床实践尚不够规范, 临床医师对相关知识的掌握仍不够全面。开展高质量临床研究将有利于明确预防用药的必要性, 并对规范用药产生积极影响。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

通心络联合阿司匹林对急性脑梗死治疗的疗效及神经功能评价

目的 探究急性脑梗死患者治疗中通心络联合阿司匹林的应用效果以及对患者神经功能的作用。方法 参与本研究的50例急性脑梗死患者的入院治疗时间均为2018年2月-2019年5月,将其随机分两组实施不同的治疗方式进行对照分析,对比两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损情况、治疗效果以及药物使用后不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者治疗前NIHSS评分分组对比无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后NIHSS评分对比,研究组较低,50例患者就治疗有效率对比来看,研究组较高(P<0.05),治疗后消化道出血、皮下瘀斑以及血尿的发生率对比,两组差异并不明显(P>0.05)。ADL评分和ESS评分方面,研究组与对照组治疗前对比,未见明显差异(P>0.05);研究组治疗后较对照组高,差异显著(P<0.05)。hs-CRP方面,治疗前,两组差异较小(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组相比于对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者治疗中通心络联合阿司匹林的应用能够有效缓解患者神经功能缺损情况,提升治疗效果,且不会增加药物应用后的不适感受,治疗安全性同样有所保证,值得临床进一步采纳与推广。     

血清白细胞介素-10水平在急性胰腺炎诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探究血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平在急性胰腺炎(AP)诊断及治疗中的应用。方法选取2019年1月至2021年6月黄山市人民医院消化科收治的AP患者101例,分为轻症AP组(45例)、中症AP(33例)及重症AP组(23例),另选取同期健康体检者42例为对照组。比较各组血清IL-10水平及入院后的血清IL-10水平的变化,以ROC曲线分析血清IL-10对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果四组血清IL-10水平比较:对照组<重症AP组<中症AP组<轻症AP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Person相关性显示,血清IL-10与IL-6、TNF-α、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分均呈负相关(r=-0.434、-0.624、-0.462、-0.533,P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清IL-10预测轻症AP、中症AP、重症AP的AUC分别为0.766、0.795、0.946。另入院时及治疗3d,轻症AP患者的血清IL-10均显著高于中症及重症AP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗5 d及7 d,三组患者的血清IL-10比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清IL-10在评估AP早期炎症反应、病情严重程度及治疗等方面均具有一定的价值。     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。