上尿路梗阻致肾功能衰竭临床分析

目的：探讨上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析30例上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭患者的临床资料。结果：梗阻原因肾盂输尿管结石76.67%（23/30），肿瘤10%（3/30），其它13.33%（4/30）。治愈86.67%（26/30），好转13.33%（4/30）。结论:上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭是泌尿外科的急重症，尽早解除梗阻有利于肾功能的恢复。     

儿童哮喘与成人慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关性研究进展

儿童哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是儿童期与成人期常见的存在气流受限的慢性气道疾病。研究发现,儿童哮喘会增加成年期罹患COPD的风险,而肺功能变化是预测COPD患病风险的重要指标。针对哮喘患儿建立长期肺功能监测管理,对于评估其成年后存在不可逆气道阻塞的风险有重要意义。文章综述儿童哮喘与COPD相关的研究进展。     

慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及对安全性的影响

目的探讨慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及安全性。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月因慢性泪囊炎于本院接受治疗的46例患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各23例。对照组接受泪囊鼻腔造口治疗,研究组取鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗,比较两组临床效果、手术指标以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组术中出血量少于对照组,手术及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论慢性泪囊炎患者采用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗效果显著,并发症较少,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。