角膜地形图引导与常规LASIK矫正屈光不正的术后波前像差对比分析

目的：观察角膜地形图引导准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)治疗近视术后波前像差的变化。

方法：选择在我院近视眼激光治疗中心进行LASIK的患者40例80眼,在术前通过Zyoptix波前像差仪对患者进行波前像差的测量。随机分两组,其中20例40眼接受常规LASIK(对照组),20例40眼接受角膜地形图引导个性化LASIK(computer assisted corneal topography guide optimized refractive keratectomy,ORK-CAT组), 分别于术后1,3,6mo对患者进行视力、屈光度数和波前像差检查,从而观察角膜地形图引导LASIK治疗近视眼的疗效。

结果：术后早期两组间屈光度数均呈轻微过矫状态。术后1mo时两组之间屈光度数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3,6mo时两组之间屈光度数差异无显著意义(P >0.05),术后两组屈光度数均有轻度的回退,ORK-CAT组比对照组回退少。两组术后高阶像差均有不同程度的增加,术后每个随访时间点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ORK-CAT组和对照组高阶像差比较,术后每个随访时间点的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：角膜地形图引导LASIK的术后视觉质量优于传统LASIK。     

湖北地区20~29岁青年角膜地形图检测散光度与近视度相关情况分析

目的：对湖北地区20～29岁人群的角膜散光情况与不同近视度数的关系进行调查,找出其变化规律。 方法：用角膜地形图对随机抽取的2254例湖北地区20～29岁青年居民进行散光度、轴向及近视度数的测定,并分析其变化规律。 结果：湖北地区20～29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°～150°范围内所占人数比例最大,各个近视度段均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光。其中女性高度近视段约为75.3%,中度近视段约为82.7%,低度近视段约为87.2%;男性高度近视段约为74.6%,中度近视段约为83.0%,低度近视段约为82.3%。20～29岁男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组;女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义。20～29岁人群中女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组,差异有统计学意义。20～29岁男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组,差异有统计学意义。 结论：湖北地区20～29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°～150°范围内所占人数比例最大,且各个近视度段不论男女均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光;男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组,女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组;女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组;男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组。     

Toric工晶状体治疗白内障合并角膜散光疗效观察

目的：应用角膜曲率联合角膜地形图检查测量角膜曲率,采用个性化手术源性散光值,计算人工晶状体型号及轴位,在白内障手术中植入散光型人工晶状体来矫正角膜散光并观察疗效。 方法：收集白内障并伴有角膜规则散光的病例43眼,手术中采用白内障超声乳化术植入AcrySof Toric IOL,并放置IOL于目标轴位,观察术后屈光结果。 结果：术后随访3mo,33眼使用T5以下人工晶状体,85%患者裸眼视力＞0.5,70%患者裸眼视力＞0.8术后角膜散光由术前的1.64±0.53D降至0.63±0.32D,10眼应使用T6,T 7,但使用T5裸眼视力均＞0.5,残余散光接近预测值。术后3mo观察,43眼术后第1d平均轴位偏离465°±4.21°,84% IOL轴位偏离＜10°,3mo平均旋转116°±184°,100% IOL旋转＜10°。 结论：应用角膜曲率联合角膜地形图检查测量角膜曲率,采用个性化手术源性散光值,计算人工晶状体型号及轴位,植入AcrySof Toric IOL能有效地矫正角膜散光,并具有良好的囊袋内稳定性。     

角膜地形图在儿童散光检影验光中的应用

通过比较儿童验光中角膜地形图所测得的角膜散光与检影验光测得的散光的相互关系,探讨角膜地形图检查在儿童散瞳检影验光中的应用价值。 方法：采用计算机辅助的角膜地形图和散瞳检影验光两种测量方法,对88例171眼非混合性散光眼进行检查并比较。 结果：两种方法在检查散光度数及散光轴方面差异无统计学意义(t=1.838,P＞0. 05;t=1.009,P＞0.05),实际最好矫正视力与角膜地形图PVA高值及低值比较差别有统计学意义（t=3.566,P＜0.01;t=3.445,P＜0.01)。 结论:角膜地形图检查所得的散光度数及轴向可为散瞳检影验光提供重要的参考依据,角膜地形图检查在提高低龄儿童散瞳检影验光速度和准确度有一定作用。     

先天性上睑下垂与屈光状态的关系

先天性上睑下垂不仅影响外观,同时可造成患者屈光状态(近视或远视)的改变及形觉剥夺性弱视,并影响患者心理健康.此外,下垂的眼睑压迫角膜可改变角膜形态,对此可采用角膜地形图进行检查.本文对近年来先天性上睑下垂的屈光状态、与弱视关系及角膜地形图变化等的研究进行综述.     

Ultradian and circadian modulation of dream recall: EEG correlates and age effects

Dreaming occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which both are regulated by homeostatic, ultradian, and circadian processes. However, the magnitude of how ultradian REM and NREM sleep and its EEG correlates impact onto dream recall remains fairly unknown. In this review, we address three questions: 1. Is there an ultradian NREM–REM sleep modulation in successful dream recall, which is gated by the circadian clock? 2. What are the key electrophysiological correlates that account for dream recall during NREM and REM sleep and 3. Are there age-related changes in the ultradian and circadian regulation in dream recall and its electrophysiological correlates? Knowledge on the specific frequency and topography NREM and REM sleep differences prior to dream recall may pinpoint to the cerebral correlates that account for this cognitive process, and hint to their possible physiological meaning.     

Enhancement of retinal pigment epithelial culture characteristics and subretinal space tolerance of scaffolds with 200 nm fiber topography

Tissue engineered retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation is a promising cell-based therapy for age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this work is to develop a supportive scaffold with a favorable topography to aid functional RPE monolayer maintenance while being tolerated underneath the retina. To this end, films and electrospun substrates with fiber diameters ranging from 200 to 1000 nm were made of polyethylene terephthalate or poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), and then tested using human fetal RPE cells in vitro and transplanted subretinally in rabbits. The results indicated that RPE on both 200 nm fiber variants showed the highest cell densities, adherent monolayers achieved deeper pigmentation, and more uniform hexagonal tight junctions. Facile subretinal implantation of flat 200 nm fiber membranes was achieved by electrospinning them onto a porous rigid-elastic carrier. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a reattached, slightly thinned retina overlying the implants over 2 weeks observation. Histology demonstrated native RPE variably migrated onto the nanofibers, and a reactive gliosis with some photoreceptor degeneration. In conclusion, scaffolds with 200 nm fiber topography enhanced RPE culture, showed subretinal biocompatibility, and should thus be considered for future cell-based therapies in blinding retinal diseases.     

四川省部分地区肠道蠕虫感染现状调查

目的了解近10年来我省部份地区的肠道蠕虫感染现状。方法采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查肠道蠕虫卵，试管滤纸培养法鉴别钩虫虫种，对12岁以下儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果查出肠道蠕虫7种（线虫4种、吸种2种及带绦虫1种）。总感染率为41．34％。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、带绦虫感染率分别为32．60％、17。30％、13．68％、17．55％、0．86％。部份地区感染率以四川盆地南部边缘的合江县为高，总感染率为77．91％，蛔虫47．90％、钩虫43．51％、鞭虫41．65％、蛲虫44．58％；以川西高原的德格县和位于盆地北部边缘的青川县较低。结论10年来部份地区蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫及带绦虫感染率均有下降趋势，儿童蛲虫感染率有所回升。调查显示，我省肠道蠕虫感染仍十分严重，应积极普及健康教育，采用综合性防治措施，控制肠道蠕虫感染。     

GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus defines functional subterritories

γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons are widely distributed in brainstem structures involved in the regulation of the sleep‐wake cycle, locomotion, and attention. These brainstem structures include the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), which is traditionally characterized by its population of cholinergic neurons that have local and wide‐ranging connections. The functional heterogeneity of the PPN is partially explained by the topographic distribution of cholinergic neurons, but such heterogeneity might also arise from the organization of other neuronal populations within the PPN. To understand whether a topographical organization is also maintained by GABAergic neurons, we labeled these neurons by in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA combined with immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase to reveal cholinergic neurons. We analyzed their distribution within the PPN by using a method to quantify regional differences based on stereological cell counts. We show that GABAergic neurons of the rat PPN have a rostrocaudal gradient that is opposite to that of cholinergic neurons. Indeed, GABAergic neurons are predominantly concentrated in the rostral PPN; in addition, they form, along with cholinergic neurons, a small, high‐density cluster in the most caudal portion of the nucleus. Thus, we provide evidence of heterogeneity in the distribution of different neuronal populations in the PPN and show that GABAergic and cholinergic neurons define neurochemically distinct areas. Our data suggest that the PPN is neurochemically segregated, and such differences define functional territories. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:397–408, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.