高频振荡通气治疗新生儿气胸的疗效观察

目的：探讨临床有效治疗新生儿气胸的可靠方法,为新生儿气胸的临床研究和治疗实践提供参考和借鉴依据。方法本研究选取2010年12月至2013年12月绵阳市人民医院收治的新生儿气胸患儿92例,随机分成常规呼吸机组和高频呼吸机组,每组46例,分别实施传统常频通气治疗和高频振荡通气治疗。观察并比较两组治疗前后的氧合指数值和动脉/肺泡氧分压比值。结果高频呼吸机组治疗后24 h和48 h氧全指数水平均显著优于常规呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义（ t=3.8544,5.7208,P均<0.05）;高频呼吸机组治疗后24 h和48 h的动脉/肺泡氧分压比值均显著优于常规呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义（ t=6.3553,6.3803,P均<0.05）。结论在临床针对新生儿气胸患儿实施治疗的实践过程中,与传统常频通气治疗方法比较,采用高频振荡通气治疗新生儿气胸的临床治疗效果显著,是临床针对新生儿气胸患儿实施治疗的理想选择之一。     

A case of invasive Langerhans cell histiocytosis localizing only in the lung and diagnosed as pneumothorax in an adolescent female

In infants, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is associated with poor clinical outcomes as Langerhans cells invade and damage multiple organs, a presentation that is different from that in adults. Here, we present a case of a 15-year-old female who visited ourclinic complaining of right chest pain and dyspnea. She was diagnosed with right pneumothorax by chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography showed multiple cystic changes in the bilateral lung. Additionally, bullous lesions occupying the upper lobe and multiple white tiny nodules on the surface of the lung were observed by thoracoscopy. These nodules comprised proliferating atypical CD1a/S-100-positive cells invading the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to the diagnosis of LCH. Because of the extensive invasion into the pulmonary parenchyma, chemotherapy was administered. This case of LCH was unique in that the age of onset was atypical and the tumor cells occupied a single organ, despite their malignant behavior.     

肺大疱患者自发性气胸临床特点及复发影响因素分析

目的：分析肺大疱患者自发性气胸复发现状和影响因素。方法选取我院2010－03～2014－02间收治的48例经CT证实存在肺大疱的自发性气胸患者为研究对象,对本组患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者首次发病确诊后均卧床休息,常规给予吸氧、止咳等基础治疗,合并肺部感染者加用抗生素控制感染。肺压缩面积＜20％者5例,气胸均自行吸收;肺压缩面积＞20％者43例行胸腔闭式引流术。仍有9例经以上治疗效果不佳,行手术治疗。结果对所有患者随访至2014年8月,随访时间均在半年以上。共有14例患者气胸复发,气胸的复发率为29．2％。其中6例为1次复发,4例为2次复发,3例为3次复发,1例为4次复发。复发的患者中,最终有2例接受胸腔镜手术,1例行开胸手术。认为肺大疱患者自发性气胸复发率高,气胸发作胸闷症状多见,各种合并存在的肺内外基础病,是气胸复发的重要影响因素。结论对复发性气胸患者,正确评估患者手术耐受能力,及时外科手术处理,可降低自发性气胸发生或复发的概率,也是改善患者生活质量的有效措施。     

An analysis of and new risk factors for reexpansion pulmonary edema following spontaneous pneumothorax

Background

The major risk factor for reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) following the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is thought to be chronic lung collapse. However, a long-term collapsed lung does not always cause RPE. The purpose of this study was to define other risk factors for RPE among patients undergoing drainage for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all the patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who had been treated at our hospital during a 5-year period. The duration of symptoms, location and size of the pneumothorax, size of the chest tube, and pleural effusion, which can occur coincidentally with pneumothorax, were compared in patients who did and did not experience RPE.

Results

Forty patients were underwent drainage for the treatment of a spontaneous pneumothorax between January 2007 and December 2012. RPE developed in 13 of the 40 (32.5%) patients. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of pleural effusion coincident with pneumothorax contributed to the risk for RPE [odds ratios (OR), 1.557; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.290-1.880]. The duration of symptoms, location and size of the pneumothorax and size of the chest tube were similar between the groups. Symptomatic RPE was associated with a larger pneumothorax size.

Conclusions

The rate of RPE following spontaneous pneumothorax is higher than was previously reported. Our findings suggest the presence of pleural effusion coincidentally with pneumothorax may therefore be a new risk factor for RPE.     

Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Children with Osteosarcoma: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare manifestation of primary lung cancer or metastasis. It is estimated that < 1% of all cases of spontaneous pneumothorax are tumor-associated and metastatic osteogenic or soft-tissue sarcomas are associated most commonly with pneumothorax especially in the setting of cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this article, we report three pediatric cases with osteosarcoma that developed spontaneous pneumothorax during chemotherapy with a review of the literature. Two of them had lung metastasis at the time of the detection of pneumothorax and the remaining patient was found to have a bronchopleural fistula.

SPx is an emergency situation and early diagnosis and management can improve prognosis and quality of life of the patient however the optimal management has yet to be determined.     

两孔法与标准三孔法胸腔镜手术治疗原发性自发性气胸的比较

目的 探讨两孔法胸腔镜手术在治疗原发性自发性气胸中的价值.方法 分析我院127例原发性自发性气胸患者,均经胸腔镜手术治疗,其中58例采用两孔法胸腔镜手术治疗(两孔法组),69例采用标准三孔法胸腔镜手术治疗(三孔法组).比较两组的手术时间、手术出血量、伤口长度、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后VAS疼痛评分、术后住院时间.结果 两组患者均成功经胸腔镜完成手术,两组之间的手术时间、手术出血量、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后住院时间无明显差别;两孔法组伤口长度较三孔法组短,两孔法组术后VAS疼痛评分较三孔法组低.结论 两孔法胸腔镜行自发性气胸手术不增加手术操作难度,且能更有效减轻患者疼痛,减少手术创伤,增加患者满意度.     

自发性气胸的病因学研究进展

自发性气胸是临床常见病,某些情况下可危及生命.尽管其治疗已经取得了不小进步,但发病机制复杂,病因尚未完全阐明,且复发率高.对其病因学近年研究进展加以概括,可能有助于加深对该病的理解.     

胸腔镜术后复发性气胸的再次胸腔镜手术治疗

目的 探讨再次胸腔镜手术治疗胸腔镜术后复发性气胸的可行性.方法 2009年1月～2012年11月对77例胸腔镜手术后复发性气胸再次胸腔镜手术治疗,行粘连松解、肺大疱切除、胸膜固定、闭式引流等.结果 77例均在胸腔镜下顺利完成手术,术中见胸腔均有较重粘连,无术中大出血及围术期死亡等严重并发症.手术时间35 ～87 min,(59±12)min;术中出血量30 ～160 ml,(92±33)ml.77例随访1～46个月,(22±13)月,无气胸复发.结论 术后复发性气胸再次胸腔镜手术可行、安全、有效,术中应选择性地松解胸腔粘连.     

补肺汤结合静脉自体血治疗复发性自发性气胸的临床效果

目的探讨补肺汤结合静脉自体血治疗复发性自发性气胸的临床效果。方法选择80例患者,分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例。观察组使用补肺汤结合静脉自体血治疗,对照组单纯使用静脉自体血。比较两组患者的治疗相关时间、并发症情况。结果观察组患者的症状改善时间为（35.6±6.1）min,快于对照组的（59.6±8.9）min（P〈0.05）;导管留置时间为（2.5±0.3）d,短于对照组的（3.8±0.9）（P〈0.05）;观察组的气胸复发率为2.5%,严重疼痛率为2.5%,均低于对照组的17.5%、17.5%（P〈0.05）。结论自体血治疗自发性气胸具有一定的实用价值,其联用补肺汤能有效提高临床效果,缩短治疗时间,降低复发率。