In view of the high imminent risk of having subsequent fractures after a fracture, early evaluation and treatment decisions to prevent subsequent fractures are advocated. After a hip fracture, the fracture liaison service (FLS) and orthogeriatric care are considered the most appropriate organisational approaches for secondary fracture prevention following a recent fracture.Their introduction and implementation have been shown to increase evaluation and treatment of patients at high risk for subsequent fracture. Of real-world cohort studies, most, but not all studies, indicate a lower incidence of fracture and longer survival after treatment with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. 相似文献
Purpose: Non-ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy are prone to low bone mineral density. In ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy, bone mineral density deficits are expected to be small or absent, but a consensus conclusion is lacking. In this systematic review bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification Scales I–III) was studied.
Materials and methods: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. According to international guidelines, low bone mineral density was defined as Z-score?≤??2.0. In addition, we focused on Z-score?≤??1.0 because this may indicate a tendency towards low bone mineral density.
Results: We included 16 studies, comprising 465 patients aged 1–65?years. Moderate and conflicting evidence for low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??2.0) was found for several body parts (total proximal femur, total body, distal femur, lumbar spine) in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scales II and III. We found no evidence for low bone mineral density in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale I or adults, although there was a tendency towards low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??1.0) for several body parts.
Conclusions: Although more high-quality research is needed, results indicate that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with cerebral palsy.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Although more high-quality research is needed, including adults and fracture risk assessment, the current study indicates that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with CP.
Health care professionals should be aware that optimal nutrition, supplements on indication, and an active lifestyle, preferably with weight-bearing activities, are important in ambulatory people with CP, also from a bone quality point-of-view.
If indicated, medication and fall prevention training should be prescribed.
ObjectivesWe sought to examine the associations of osteosarcopenia with physical performance, balance, and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine which clinical outcomes are associated with specific components of osteosarcopenia.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and Participants253 participants (77% women; aged 77.9 ± 0.42 years) who presented for a falls and fractures risk assessment in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsParticipants were mobile, community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) free of cognitive impairment. Body composition (via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), physical performance [via Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)], and balance [via Four-Square Step test (FSS) and posturography] were examined. Falls in the past year and fractures in the past 5 years were self-reported. Osteosarcopenia was defined as (1) low bone mineral density (BMD) [T score <–1 standard deviation (SD)] combined with sarcopenia and (2) osteoporosis (BMD T score ≤–2.5 SD) combined with severe sarcopenia. For sarcopenia, we employed the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1), the revised criteria (EWGSOP2), and that of the Foundation for the National Institutes for Health (FNIH). Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOsteosarcopenia was associated with worse SPPB, TUG, FSS, limit of stability, and falls and fractures history. Additionally, osteosarcopenia (using the severe sarcopenia classification) conferred an increased rate of falls [odds ratios (ORs) from 2.83 to 3.63; P < .05 for all] and fractures (ORs from 3.86 to 4.38; P < .05 for all) when employing the EWGSOP2 and FNIH definitions, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsCompared with the nonosteosarcopenic group, those with osteosarcopenia had greater impairment of physical performance and balance. The EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria resulted in the strongest associations with physical performance and self-reported falls and fractures. 相似文献
摘要:目的 运用循证医学方法评价热敏灸治疗原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)疗效。方法 从CNKI、VIP、Wanfang、SinoMed和Pubmed数据库检索热敏灸治疗POP的随机对照试验,时间为建库至2021年8月。2名研究者依据纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料。使用Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0版评价文献偏倚风险并用RevMan5.3软件绘图,以Stata16软件进行合并分析并绘制森林图。结果 共纳入14项研究,受试者共921例。Meta分析结果显示,总有效率:OR=1.48,95 % CI (0.95,2.01),P< 0.01;骨密度(BMD):MD =0.05,95% CI (0.02,0.07),P< 0.01;视觉模拟评分(VAS):[MD = –1.13,95% CI (–1.49,–0.76),P< 0.01;生活质量量表(SF-36)总评分:MD =–1.55,95% CI (–6.76,9.81),P=0.71;骨保护素(OPG):MD =49.73,95% CI (22.81,76.65),P< 0.01;Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽(CTX):MD =–0.18,95% CI (–0.22,–0.14),P<0.01;Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽(NTX):MD =–0.66,95% CI (–0.86,–0.47),P<0.01。结论 热敏灸治疗POP能够使BMD有所增加,改善POP骨痛,改善OPG、CTX以及NTX等骨代谢指标。本研究纳入文献质量不高,治疗效果证据较为有限,尚需更多大样本、多中心、高质量临床随机对照研究予以佐证。 相似文献