不同因子对长春花愈伤组织中药用成分积累的影响

 目的 研究继代次数、继代龄(继代组织块的年龄)、生长素、金属离子等因子的改变对长春花愈伤组织生长及吲哚生物碱类药用成分积累的影响。方法 测定不同因子的影响下,长春花愈伤组织的鲜重,并对吲哚总碱进行提取、含量测定和比较。结果 随继代次数的增加,长春花愈伤组织中吲哚总碱含量有所下降;20 d继代龄最利于组织生长;2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的存在对吲哚总碱的积累有一定的抑制作用,但却有利于愈伤组织生长,两种生长素组合比单一的生长素更利于组织生长,也较利于吲哚总碱积累;钙离子浓度为220 mg·L^-1,锌离子浓度为8.6哗·L^-1时,对提高吲哚总碱产量最有效。结论 继代次数、继代龄、生长素、金属离子对长春花愈伤组织生长及吲哚生物碱类药用成分的积累有较大影响。     

Advances in cocaine signature methodology: Alkaloid and isotope profiles of coca grown in Puno,Peru

Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA) Cocaine Signature Program previously identified 19 coca-growing regions within South America and developed methodology to geo-source cocaine using a combination of trace cocaine alkaloids, stable isotopes, and multivariate statistics. Twenty-nine coca leaf samples collected in 2016 and 2019 from a previously unanalyzed coca-growing region located in Puno, Peru, were analyzed with this methodology. Trace cocaine alkaloids and stable isotopes were compared with other Peruvian regions. Minor differences were observed in the extracted cocaine alkaloid profiles when compared with samples collected from the Ucayali-Huallaga Valley and Cusco-Apurimac regions while the stable isotopes of δ²H (−177.1‰) and δ¹⁸O (23.8‰) were enriched. Puno's alkaloid and stable isotope results are presented in this publication to assist forensic laboratories and enhance their cocaine geo-sourcing capabilities.     

Indole alkaloid sulfonic acids from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots and their antiviral activity

Six new indole alkaloid sulfonic acids (1–6), together with two analogues (7 and 8) that were previously reported as synthetic products, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica root. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, combined with enzyme hydrolysis and comparison of experimental circular dichroism and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In the preliminary assay, compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), respectively.     

Synthesis and phototoxicity of isomeric 7,9-diglutathione pyrrole adducts: Formation of reactive oxygen species and induction of lipid peroxidation

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic in experimental animals. Because of their widespread distribution in the world, PA-containing plants are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Upon metabolism, PAs generate reactive dehydro-PAs and other pyrrolic metabolites that lead to toxicity. Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/−)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. To date, the phototoxicity of GS-DHP adducts has not been well studied. In this study, we synthesized 7-GS-DHP, a tentatively assigned 9-GS-DHP, and two enantiomeric 7,9-diGS-DHP adducts by reaction of dehydromonocrotaline with GSH. The two 7,9-diGS-DHPs were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their structures were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ¹H–¹H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) NMR spectral analysis. Photoirradiation of 7-GS-DHP, 9-GS-DHP, and the two 7,9-diGS-DHPs as well as dehydromonocrotaline, dehydroheliotrine, and the 7-R enantiomer of DHP (DHR), by UVA light at 0 J/cm², 14 J/cm², and 35 J/cm² in the presence of a lipid, methyl linoleate, all resulted in lipid peroxidation in a light dose-responsive manner. The levels of lipid peroxidation induced by the two isomeric 7,9-diGS-DHPs were significantly higher than that by 7-GS-DHP and 9-GS-DHP. When 7,9-diGS-DHP was irradiated in the presence of sodium azide (NaN₃), the level of lipid peroxidation decreased; lipid peroxidation was enhanced when methanol was replaced by deuterated methanol. These results suggest that singlet oxygen is a product induced by the irradiation of 7,9-diGS-DHP. When irradiated in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the level of lipid peroxidation decreased, indicating that lipid peroxidation is also mediated by superoxide. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that 7,9-diGS-DHPs are phototoxic, generating lipid peroxidation mediated by ROS.     

苦豆子总生物碱对小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞体外增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用的研究

目的研究苦豆子总生物碱对小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞体外增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用。方法苦豆子总生物碱提取并纯化,处理成澄清的药物溶液后用于细胞给药。CCK-8法测定不同浓度的苦豆子总生物碱作用24h后4T1细胞存活率。流式细胞术检测给药24h后4T1细胞凋亡率。结果与对照组比较,实验组药物浓度为5.00mg/mL时,4T1细胞存活率为63.05%;药物浓度为10.00mg/mL时,4T1细胞存活率为20.30%,随着给药浓度的增加,细胞存活率呈明显下降趋势。实验组药物浓度为6.25mg/mL时,细胞凋亡率为11.4%;药物浓度为10.00mg/mL时,细胞凋亡率为41.7%,随着给药浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率明显增加。结论苦豆子总生物碱能诱导细胞凋亡,对小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用。     

黄连素的临床应用研究进展

黄连素长久以来一直作为广谱抗菌药物使用,具有显著的抑菌作用,原是治疗肠炎、痢疾的经典中药。近年来发现黄连素在降糖调脂、治疗心内科疾病、肿瘤科疾病等众多方面也有重要作用。现将其在这些方面的临床应用作一综述。     

麦芽总生物碱颗粒剂的制备

目的:在前期药效实验的基础上,提取麦芽总生物碱,优选麦芽总生物碱颗粒剂成型制备工艺,得到稳定均一,质量合格的颗粒制剂。方法:利用超声提取法,提取麦芽总生物碱;采用酸性染料比色法测定麦芽中总生物碱的含量;拟选6个处方完成颗粒剂的制备,并以休止角、成型率、堆密度和吸湿性等为指标,应用综合评分法对各处方进行打分,筛选出最优的辅料处方,完成辅料用量比例的优化,并筛选出最佳润湿剂;对制备所得到的麦芽总生物碱颗粒的溶化性,粒度及干燥失重等进行测定。结果:以糊精和乳糖比例为1:1的混合物作为辅料,并按1:1的比例混合麦芽总生物碱浸膏粉与辅料,选取80%的乙醇作为润湿剂,制备所得颗粒剂大小均一,成型率最高。结论:本文成功优选出了麦芽总生物碱颗粒剂的制备工艺,制成的颗粒溶化性好,成型率佳,制备方法稳定可靠。     

β-咔啉类生物碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及机制探讨

目的观察β-咔啉类生物碱对体外培养的人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法不同浓度β-咔啉类生物碱处理人胃癌SGC-7901细胞48 h后,检测细胞增殖、凋亡情况,并以荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)和蛋白印迹法(Western blot)分别测定细胞中抑癌基因PTEN、蛋白激酶B(AKT)基因mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果不同浓度的β-咔啉类生物碱均能抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖,其中40μg/m L浓度的抑制效果较其他浓度及5-Fu干预组更显著(P0.01),并可诱导细胞凋亡。不同浓度β-咔啉类生物均可引起PTEN mRNA和蛋白表达增加,AKT mRNA和蛋白表达减少,其中40μg/m L浓度的调节效果较其他浓度及5-Fu干预组更显著(P0.01)。结论β-咔啉类生物碱可抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖,诱导凋亡,其作用机制可能是通过上调PTEN及下调AKT蛋白的表达实现。     

Simultaneous quantification of ten key Kratom alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa leaf extracts and commercial products by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant popular in the United States for the self‐treatment of pain and opioid addiction. For standardization and quality control of raw and commercial kratom products, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC?MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of ten key alkaloids, namely: corynantheidine, corynoxine, corynoxine B, 7‐hydroxymitragynine, isocorynantheidine, mitragynine, mitraphylline, paynantheine, speciociliatine, and speciogynine. Chromatographic separation of diastereomers, or alkaloids sharing same ion transitions, was achieved on an Acquity BEH C18 column with a gradient elution using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (10mM, pH 3.5). The developed method was linear over a concentration range of 1–200 ng/mL for each alkaloid. The total analysis time per sample was 22.5 minutes. The analytical method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, and stability. After successful validation, the method was applied for the quantification of kratom alkaloids in alkaloid‐rich fractions, ethanolic extracts, lyophilized teas, and commercial products. Mitragynine (0.7%–38.7% w/w), paynantheine (0.3%–12.8% w/w), speciociliatine (0.4%–12.3% w/w), and speciogynine (0.1%–5.3% w/w) were the major alkaloids in the analyzed kratom products/extracts. Minor kratom alkaloids (corynantheidine, corynoxine, corynoxine B, 7‐hydroxymitragynine, isocorynantheidine) were also quantified (0.01%–2.8% w/w) in the analyzed products; however mitraphylline was below the lower limit of quantification in all analyses.