Endoscopy mitigation strategy with telemedicine and low-cost device use for COVID-19 prevention: A fourth-level Colombian center experience

Background and study aimsThe COVID-19 outbreak has reorganized surgical team conditions regarding endoscopy. The number of interventions has been reduced, the number of healthcare professionals must be limited, and both the patients and physicians are more protected than ever.Patients and MethodsIn the highest peak of contagion in Colombia, endoscopy, colonoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed using a low-cost disposable device. A total of 1388 procedures were performed. Every patient was assessed for symptoms via a telephone call, at the health center, and after the procedure, following specific attention routes.ResultsAfter procedure follow-up, no positive cases of COVID-19 were noted.ConclusionThe methodology reduced the risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨预防肺疾一号方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的作用机制＊

目的 从分子层面探讨预防肺疾一号方预防新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制，并探索预防肺疾一号方的潜在治疗靶点。方法 利用TCMSP数据库及BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选预防肺疾一号方的化合物成分，在PharmMapper数据库进行潜在靶点识别，然后使用David软件对靶点进行GO富集及KEGG通路富集分析，利用iGEMDOCK软件进行分子对接分析。结果 通过网络药理学方法分析预防肺疾一号方的6味中药，发现其有效化学成分有58个，对应47个作用靶点；通过GO分析靶点富集出81个生物学过程、26个细胞组成及31个分子功能；通过KEGG分析得出靶点显著富集的信号通路有35条；分子对接分析得出，靶点CAT和化合物Daidzein-4，7-diglucoside的结合度最高。结论 预防肺疾一号方具有多成分、多靶点的作用特点，并通过参与多种生物过程，调控多条信号通路以预防新型冠状病毒肺炎并发挥其药理疗效。     

Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza hospitalizations in Danish children 2010–2016

ObjectiveTo pave the way for universal or risk factor-based vaccination strategies, the present study aimed to describe the epidemiology and compare risk factors for hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infections in Danish children.MethodsNational register-based cohort study among 403,422 Danish children born 2010–2016.ResultsPrior asthma hospitalization, number of children in the household, chronic disease and maternal history of asthma hospitalization were the most important risk factors for both RSV and influenza hospitalization. The incidence of influenza increased at school start.ConclusionsOur findings enable targeted vaccination programs for high-risk children with asthma-like disease, chronic disease, siblings in the household, or maternal history of asthma hospitalization.     

右美托咪定预防输尿管镜术中阴茎勃起的临床效果

目的 观察右美托咪定对输尿管镜术中阴茎勃起的预防作用。方法 选择2018年5月～2019年5月我院泌尿外科择期在全麻下行输尿管镜碎石术男性患者200例,随机分为对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组),每组100例。两组患者在麻醉诱导前15 min分别静脉泵注生理盐水和右美托咪定0.5μg/kg。观察两组患者入室时(T0)、麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管后消毒前(T2)、消毒开始后5 min(T3)、手术开始后10 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、阴茎勃起的发生率及其程度以及苏醒期膀胱刺激征的发生率及严重程度。结果 D组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时间点MAP及HR较T0时间点均降低,且低于C组同时间点(P0.05);D组在T2、T3和T4时间点阴茎勃起发生率分别为3.0%、7.0%和10.0%,明显低于C组11.0%、22.0%、37.0%,(P0.05);在T4时间点D组阴茎勃起1级、2级和3级发生率分别为7.0%、3.0%和0%,明显低于C组23.0%、9.0%、5.0%,(P0.05);术后苏醒期患者膀胱刺激征评分D组1级、2级、3级的发生率分别为12.0%、8.0%、2.0%,明显低于C组的28.0%、25.0%、21.0%(P0.05)。结论 麻醉诱导前预先给予右美托咪定能够有效的预防输尿管镜手术中阴茎勃起的发生,减少苏醒期膀胱刺激征的发生率,提高患者的舒适度.     

Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for HIV-1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most lethal pandemics in human history, although in recent years access to highly effective anti-retroviral therapy has provided new hope worldwide. Transmission of HIV by sexual contact, childbirth and injection drug use has been reduced, but 2 million are newly infected each year, and much of the transmission is from people who do not know their status. In addition to known methods, a preventive vaccine is needed to end the pandemic. The extraordinary mutability and genetic diversity of HIV is an enormous challenge, but vaccines are being designed for broad coverage. Computer-aided design of mosaic immunogens, incorporating many epitopes from the entire genome or from conserved regions aim to induce CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells or inhibit virus replication, while trimeric envelope proteins or synthetic mimics aim to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies similar to those cloned from some infected patients. Induction of more potent and durable responses may require new adjuvants or replicating chimeric vectors chimeras that bear HIV genes. Passive or genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies may provide broad protection and/or lead to insights for vaccine designers. Proof-of-concept trials in non-human primates and in one human efficacy trial have provided scientific clues for a vaccine that could provide broad and durable protection against HIV. The use of vaccines to destroy HIV reservoirs as part of therapy or cure is now also being explored.     

Management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Our experience

A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCOV), identified in Wuhan City in late December 2019, is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an uncontrollable number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and traumatic maxillofacial conditions. This article summarises the clinical and surgical experience of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of “Magna Graecia” University (Catanzaro -Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic and would like to provide a number of recommendations that should facilitate the scheduling process of surgical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the risk of infection among healthcare professionals.     

Radicalisation et « image de soi »

Europe and France are traversed by new forms of mobilization, individual or collective initiatives that find their expression in an exacerbated radicalism, forged and fed by the rejection of the republican pact. With economic crisis, young people are looking for an ideal. This phenomenon of radicalization feeds in particular societal and social changes of recent decades, such as the break-up of the family structure with the devaluation of parental authority. Also, radical Islamism offers them a “kit ready to think”. We report the role of “self-image” as a product of bodily sensations and emotions in the genesis of this phenomenon. Radical Islam can provide them a kind of “identity prosthesis” that will support the gap between self-representation and self-idealism.     

Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used.MethodThe Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater.Results176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72).ConclusionsThis Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.