硫酸镁对全麻下止血带相关高血压和术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨硫酸镁对全麻下止血带相关高血压和术后疼痛的影响。方法选择全麻下行单侧下肢手术且需要使用止血带的患者60例,男25例,女35例,年龄30～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为硫酸镁组(M组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。M组于诱导后5 min使用止血带前静脉泵注硫酸镁30 mg/kg,泵注时间为10 min,随后以15 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)速度维持至松开止血带,C组同样方法泵注等容量生理盐水。记录入室后(T_0)、诱导后5 min(T_1)、止血带充气30 min(T_2)、充气1 h(T_3)、放气前(T_4)、放气后5 min(T_5)时HR、SBP、DBP、每搏量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)。记录术中止血带相关高血压发生情况和降压药使用情况。记录术后3、6、24和48 h静息时VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分。记录术后补救镇痛情况和寒战、恶心、呕吐、心动过缓、低血压、腱反射消失、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生情况。结果 T_2—T_5时M组HR明显慢于C组(P0.05);T_2—T_4时M组SBP和DBP明显低于C组(P0.05);T_2—T_5时M组SV明显高于C组(P0.05);M组术中止血带相关高血压发生率和降压药物使用率明显低于C组(P0.05)。术后3、6和24 h M组静息时VAS评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论全麻下静脉应用硫酸镁可以降低止血带相关高血压发生率和缓解术后疼痛。     

Surgical outcomes of gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection performed for patients with unfavorable clinical conditions

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced age and/or multiple morbidities have limited expected survival and may not benefit from extended lymph node resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of these GC patients who underwent gastrectomy with D1 dissection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all GC patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent from 2009 to 2017. The decision to perform D1 was based on preoperative multidisciplinary meeting, and/or intraoperative clinical judgment.ResultsAmong 460 enrolled patients, 73 (15.9%) underwent D1 lymphadenectomy and 387 (84.1%) D2 lymphadenectomy. Male gender, older age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) III/IV, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were more common in the D1 group. Postoperative major complications were significantly higher in D1 group (24.7% vs 12.4%, p < 0.001) and mostly related to clinical complications. Locoregional recurrence was higher in the D1 group (53.8% vs 39.5%, p = 0.330) however, without statistical significance. No difference was found in disease-free survival (DFS) between D1 and D2 patients with positive lymph nodes (p = 0.192), whereas overall survival was longer in the D2 group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant impact on survival of age ≥70 years, CCI ≥5, total gastrectomy, D1 lymphadenectomy and advanced stages (III/IV).ConclusionsFrail patients had high surgical mortality even when submitted to D1 dissection. DFS was comparable to D2. Extent of lymphadenectomy in high-risk patients should take in account the expectation of a decrease in surgical risk with the possibility of impairment of long-term survival.     

胃癌术后病人肠道菌群变化及其对围手术期恢复的影响

目的探讨胃癌术后病人肠道菌群的变化及其对病人术后围手术期恢复的影响。方法选择2018年6月至2019年6月南昌大学第二附属医院胃肠外科收治的行胃癌根治术的100例病人,对每位病人术前与术后的粪便进行菌群检测(双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌),并根据病人术后有益菌相对丰度分为丰度高组和丰度低组,同时检测病人术后生化指标(白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、淋巴细胞百分比、总蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白)。结果通过高通量测序检测胃癌病人手术前后菌群变化,发现胃癌术后病人双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌明显减少,大肠杆菌、链球菌明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。100例病人中双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌相对丰富的病人肠道功能恢复较早,炎症指标相对较低,免疫指数有所提高,同时提高总蛋白及白蛋白营养指标,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌术后病人肠道菌群发生改变,体内有益菌双歧杆菌、嗜乳酸杆菌减少,大肠杆菌、链球菌明显增加。同时体内有益菌减少会影响病人术后恢复,增加病人炎症反应,降低机体免疫能力,影响病人营养状态。     

中医特色护理技术干预混合痔术后疼痛临床研究

目的:观察在常规术后治疗与护理基础上加用中药熏洗结合针刺、耳穴贴压的综合特色护理技术干预混合痔吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)术后疼痛的效果。方法:将110例PPH术后患者随机分为对照组和观察组各55例。2组术后患者均行常规补液、抗炎、止血等对症处理,术后第1天起常规每天清洁换药,应用吲哚美辛栓术后纳肛,肛泰软膏适量外涂肛周,口服氨酚双氢可待因片,高锰酸钾坐浴,并予疼痛护理、饮食指导、排便指导等护理措施。观察组加予中药熏洗、针刺、耳穴贴压等中医护理技术。2组疗程均为5天。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)分别于术后12 h、1天、2天、3天和5天评价疼痛情况,记录术后5天的氨酚双氢可待因片用量;术后1天、3天、5天评定创面水肿、渗液、便血和尿潴留的症状积分。结果:术后1天、3天、5天,2组VAS评分均较术后12 h下降(P<0.01),观察组术后1天、3天、5天的VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。术后3天、5天,2组症状积分均较术后1天下降(P<0.01),观察组术后3天、5天的症状积分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。术后5天的氨酚双氢可待因片使用量观察组为(8.62±2.11)片,少于对照组的(12.37±2.53)片(P<0.01)。结论:在常规术后治疗与护理的基础上加用中医综合特色护理技术,能更为有效地减轻混合痔PPH术后疼痛,减少镇痛药物的使用,减少术后其他并发症的发生,从而有利于患者的恢复。     

Amylase level after pancreaticoduodenectomy in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula

BackgroundIt is new clinical interest higher serum amylase level with pancreatitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) correlates with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Nevertheless, its evidence and study were scarce. We aimed to investigate correlation of serum amylase level immediate after PD and POPF occurrence.MethodsOf 163 patients who underwent PD at between January 2009 and December 2019, retrospective analysis was conducted to identify risk factors including serum amylase level immediate after PD for POPF occurrence.ResultsOverall incidence of POPF (25/163) was 15.3%. The patients occurred a POPF had significantly higher level of serum amylase on POD0 compared to in whom without a POPF (414 vs 253, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, ASA classification, post pancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (POAP, serum amylase on POD0 >285IU/L) and Fistula Risk Grade were correlated with POPF occurrence. In multivariable analysis, Fistula risk grade and POAP were significantly associated with developing POPF.ConclusionIn patients with higher serum amylase (>285IU/L) on POD0 with higher fistula risk grade, comprehensive management to achieve mitigation of POPF is important.     

基于QoR-15评分系统的加速康复外科模式在肝门部胆管癌术后患者中的应用

目的探讨基于15项恢复质量(QoR-15)量表的加速康复外科模式应用于肝门部胆管癌术后的临床价值。方法分析2016年1月至2020年1月于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院进行肝门部胆管根治术的102例患者临床资料,按患者入院先后顺序分为观察组49例和对照组53例,其中观察组采用基于QoR-15评分系统的加速康复外科模式,对照组则为常规治疗组。比较两组患者术前、术中的基本资料,及术后住院时间、住院总费用、并发症、医疗满意度、术后恢复质量等方面,评价其临床价值。结果两组患者术前基本资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性(P>0.05);在手术时间、术中出血量方面两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者在术后住院时间、住院总费用、医疗满意度、并发症方面优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其中观察组在术后第3天、第7天QOR-15评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论于肝门部胆管癌术后应用基于QoR-15的加速康复外科模式可以有效缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,降低术后并发症及加快患者的康复,同时增进医患沟通。     

Elevación del lactato en el postoperatorio como marcador de isquemia mesentérica aguda. Descripción de dos casos

Serum lactate is a non-specific marker of tissue hypoperfusion. Elevated serum lactate is used in the differential diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia. Although this practice is controversial, in the absence of other validated markers lactate is still used because of its high sensitivity.We present the cases of two patients who developed acute mesenteric ischemia as a post-surgical complication. The patients reported moderate abdominal pain —a non-specific symptom in the postoperative context— and tests showed progressively increasing serum lactate levels, which facilitated suspicion and subsequent diagnostic confirmation through an imaging test.These cases highlight the physiopathological importance of lactate elevation in the perioperative context and of performing a differential diagnosis of its possible causes, including mesenteric ischemia. Although the outcome was negative in the first case, early suspicion allowed us to make an effective diagnosis and administer appropriate treatment in the second patient.     

Population-based study on practice variation regarding preoperative systemic chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases and impact on short-term outcomes

IntroductionDefinitions regarding resectability and hence indications for preoperative chemotherapy vary. Use of preoperative chemotherapy may influence postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to assess the variation in use of preoperative chemotherapy for CRLM and related postoperative outcomes in the Netherlands.Materials and methodsAll patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM in the Netherlands between 2014 and 2018 were included from a national database. Case-mix factors contributing to the use of preoperative chemotherapy, hospital variation and postoperative outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Postoperative outcomes were postoperative complicated course (PCC), 30-day morbidity and 30-day mortality.ResultsIn total, 4469 patients were included of whom 1314 patients received preoperative chemotherapy and 3155 patients did not. Patients receiving chemotherapy were significantly younger (mean age (+SD) 66.3 (10.4) versus 63.2 (10.2) p < 0.001) and had less comorbidity (Charlson scores 2+ (24% versus 29%, p = 0.010). Unadjusted hospital variation concerning administration of preoperative chemotherapy ranged between 2% and 55%. After adjusting for case-mix factors, three hospitals administered significantly more preoperative chemotherapy than expected and six administered significantly less preoperative chemotherapy than expected. PCC was 12.1%, 30-day morbidity was 8.8% and 30-day mortality was 1.5%. No association between preoperative chemotherapy and PCC (OR 1.24, 0.98–1.55, p = 0.065), 30-day morbidity (OR 1.05, 0.81–1.39, p = 0.703) or with 30-day mortality (OR 1.22, 0.75–2.09, p = 0.467) was found.ConclusionSignificant hospital variation in the use of preoperative chemotherapy for CRLM was present in the Netherlands. No association between postoperative outcomes and use of preoperative chemotherapy was found.