脓毒血症患儿血浆肝素结合蛋白、降钙素原和C-反应蛋白与病情严重程度的关系

目的探讨腺毒血症患儿血装肝素结合蛋白(heparin-binding protein,HBP)、血清降甸素原(procalcitonin,PCT)和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年1月-2019年3月在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院接受治疗的113例脓毒血症患儿为观察组,选取同期在本院体检的健康志愿者35例为对照组。根据病情程度将观察组分为脓毒症组,严重脓毒症组,感染性休克脓毒症组。根据预后情况不同分为存活组和死亡组。比较各组HBP、PCT、CRP、慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA),并分析其与病情严重程度和预后的关系。分析HBP、PCT和CRP与APACHEⅡ、SOFA的相关性。采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析血浆HBP、PCT和CRP诊断膝毒血症的临床效能。结果①113例脓毒血症患儿,脓毒症34例,严重脓毒症36例,感染性休克脓毒症43例;经规范治疗后,生存82例,死亡31例。②观察组患儿入院时血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平比对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。感染性休克脓毒症组患儿入院时血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平最高,严重脓毒症组次之,脓毒症最低(P<0.05)。Pearson分析表明,入院时血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平与脓毒血症严重程度均呈正相关(r分别为0.804、0.732、0.605,均P<0.05)。③存活组患儿入院时血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平均低于死亡组(P<0.05)。Pearson分析显示:入院时血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平均与预后呈正相关(r分别为0.813、0.756,、0.674,均P<0.05)。④血浆HBP、血清PCT和CRP水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分显著相关,均呈正相关。其中血浆HBP水平与APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分的相关性较好(r分别为0.741和0.811,均P<0.001)。⑤入院时血浆HBP的评估脓毒血症的曲线下面积(AUC)和95%CI分别为0.885和(0.854~0.973),当截断点为27.99ng/mL时,灵敏度、特异度分别为80.4%和88.5%。血清PCT的评估脓毒血症的AUC和95%CI分别为0別5和(0.749~0.882),当截断点为0.16ng/mL时,灵敏度、特异度分别为81.9%和68.7%。血清CRP的评估脓毒血症的AUC和95%CI分别为0.731和(0.653~0.809),当截断点为2.3 mg/L时,灵敏度、特异度分别为54.3%和87.0%。结论脓毒血症患儿血浆HBP、PCT和CRP显著上升,与患儿病情严重程度和预后有关,用于早期监测和评估脓毒症患者的病情具有重要临床意义。     

The neglected brothers come of age: B cells and cancer

The opposing roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in suppressing or supporting cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and response to therapy has been long debated. The mechanisms by which different monocyte and T cell subtypes affect and modulate cancer have been extensively studied. However, the role of B cells and their subtypes have remained elusive, perhaps partially due to their heterogeneity and range of actions. B cells can produce a variety of cytokines and present tumor-derived antigens to T cells in combination with co-stimulatory or inhibitory ligands based on their phenotype. Unlike most T cells, B cells can be activated by innate immune stimuli, such as endotoxin. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells regulate distinct immune responses, including opsonization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation. B cells are shaped by the tumor environment (TME), with the capability to regulate the TME in return. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of B cell action, including cytokine production, antigen presentation, ADCC, opsonization, complement activation and how they affect tumor development and response to immunotherapy. We will also discuss how B cell fate within the TME is affected by tumor stroma, microbiome and metabolism.     

Overlap Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis developed due to the use of toxic-dose vinblastine in case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis(Letterer-Siwe)

Except for side effects expected standart dose use of the chemotherapeutics agents, toxic effects (poisoning) may occur if high doses of are mistakenly used in the treatment of haemato-oncological diseases and these toxic doses are usually fatal. Here, we report a case of Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) following administration of toxic dose of vinblastine by mistake. A 20-month-old male patient with a diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe) at the pediatric oncology department was admitted to intensive care unit, after having received treatment protocol consisting of vinblastine, etoposide and prednisolone, with fever, altered consciousness and decompensated shock findings. Skin biopsy which performed from bullous lesions in the perianal, neck and axillary regions was resulted compatible with SJS / TEN in the patient with multiple organ failure, at 48 h of admission. It was later determined that the patient has been mistakenly given 10 times the normal dose of vinblastine he needed (60 mg/m²), which was 6 mg/m². Plasma exchange was performed 3 times for vinblastine toxicity, intravenous immunoglobulin was administered for SJS / TEN therapy and phenobarbital was initiated to increase drug metabolism. The patient whose clinical picture fully improved, was transferred to the oncology department on the 30th day of intensive care hospitalization. Vinblastine toxicity is a life-threatening condition that can cause multiple organ failure, SJS / TEN. Plasma exchange is an effective treatment method for the removal of vinblastine from the body and in these cases of toxicity.     

低温等离子消融术治疗婴儿声门下血管瘤的术后护理

目的总结低温等离子射频消融术治疗婴儿先天性声门下血管瘤的术后护理经验。方法回顾性分析6例先天性声门下血管瘤婴儿的临床资料,总结低温等离子射频消融术治疗婴儿先天性声门下血管瘤的术后护理要点。本组病例中男3例,女3例,年龄2.0~8.3个月,平均4.6个月。术后护理要点为保持呼吸道通畅,注意气管插管、气管切开术患儿的观察和护理,及时发现术后出血、窒息等并发症,并进行疾病、用药等相关知识宣教。结果6例患儿均予施行低温等离子射频消融术治疗,术后恢复顺利,影像学检查示声门下血管瘤均消失。出院后随访6~34个月(平均13月),均未见声门下血管瘤复发,亦无声门下狭窄和术后局部水肿、出血所引起的窒息等并发症。结论低温等离子射频消融术治疗婴儿先天性声门下血管瘤安全、有效,术后应注意保持呼吸道通畅,及时发现和处理术后出血、窒息等并发症,有利于病情恢复。     

Increased tissue and circulating levels of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzymatic activity in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background/objectivesPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently heralded by an impairment of glucose homeostasis. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) are aminopeptidases that regulate several bioactive peptides involved in glucoregulation, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. The present study analyzes blood plasma levels and the quantity and localization of DPP-IV and FAP in PDAC tissues.MethodsDPP-IV and FAP concentration and enzymatic activity were evaluated in the plasma from 93 PDAC, 39 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 29 control subjects, and in matched paired non-tumorous and tumor tissues from 48 PDAC patients. The localization of DPP-IV and FAP was determined using immunohistochemistry and catalytic histochemistry.ResultsThe enzymatic activity and concentration of DPP-IV was higher in PDAC tumor tissues compared to non-tumorous pancreas. DPP-IV was expressed in cancer cells and in the fibrotic stroma by activated (myo)fibroblasts including DPP-IV⁺FAP⁺ cells. FAP was expressed in stromal cells and in some cancer cells and its expression was increased in the tumors. Plasmatic DPP-IV enzymatic activity, and in particular the ratio between DPP-IV enzymatic activity and concentration in PDAC with recent onset DM was higher compared to T2DM. In contrast, the plasmatic FAP enzymatic activity was lower in PDAC compared to T2DM and controls and rose after tumor removal.ConclusionsDPP-IV-like enzymatic activity is upregulated in PDAC tissues. PDAC patients with recent onset diabetes or prediabetes have increased plasmatic DPP-IV enzymatic activity. These changes may contribute to the frequently observed association of PDAC and recent onset impairment of glucoregulation.     

精浆弹性硬蛋白酶与精子 DNA 完整性及精液参数的影响分析

目的：探讨男性不育患者精浆弹性硬蛋白酶水平与精子 DNA完整性及精液质量之间的关系。方法选择148例男性不育患者根据精浆弹性硬蛋白酶的检测结果将所有患者分为 A、B、C3组。 A组为精浆弹性硬蛋白酶含量＜290 ng／mL;B组为精浆弹性硬蛋白酶含量290～1000 ng／mL;C 组为精浆弹性硬蛋白酶含量＞1000ng／mL。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ ELISA）检测精浆中弹性硬蛋白酶,精子 DNA完整性检测用精子染色质扩散法（ SCD）,精液参数用计算机辅助精子分析系统检测。结果 A组与 C 组相比精子存活率与前向运动精子百分率（PR）均升高、精子DNA碎片指数（DFI）明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。 B组的上述指标与A组相比,差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论精浆弹性硬蛋白酶与精子DNA完整性及精液质量密切相关,生殖道感染是影响男性精液质量的一个重要原因。