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32.
Won Sohn Yoosoo Chang Yong Kyun Cho Yun Soo Hong Hocheol Shin Seungho Ryu 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2022,29(1):69-77
The predictive role of noninvasive liver fibrosis scores on liver-related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B below 40 years of age remains unclarified. We examined the association of liver fibrosis scores with liver-related mortality in young (<40 years) and older adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A cohort study was performed in 21,360 HBsAg-positive Korean adults without liver cirrhosis or liver cancer at baseline who were followed up for up to 18 years. The liver fibrosis scores were determined using the fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Patients’ vital status and cause of death were ascertained through the National Death Records. During a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 283 liver-related deaths were identified (liver-related mortality, 127.4/105 person-years). The liver fibrosis scores were significantly associated with increased risks of liver-related mortality; this association did not differ by age group (<40 vs. ≥40 years). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for liver-related mortality comparing intermediate and high to low FIB-4 scores were 4.23 (1.99–9.00), and 15.16 (5.18–44.38), respectively, among individuals under 40, and 4.46 (3.03–6.56) and 22.47 (15.11–33.41), respectively, among older individuals. These associations were similar in analyses using APRI. In this cohort of HBsAg-positive individuals, the liver fibrosis scores were associated with increased risks of liver-related mortality in young and older adults. The liver fibrosis scores have a role in predicting liver mortality, even in young adults with HBV. 相似文献
33.
《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2022,28(1):82-86
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is detectable in the nails and hair of patients with chronic HBV infection. However, it remains unclear whether HBV DNA can be detectable in the nails and hair of patients with acute HBV infection. We encountered two cases of children with acute HBV infection. HBV DNA in the nails and hair from the two children was evaluated by real-time PCR. To clarify the characteristics of HBV DNA, full-length HBV genome sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed. The levels of serum HBV DNA in children of cases 1 and 2 at day 0 were 7.6 Log IU/mL and 7.4 Log IU/mL, respectively. Nail HBV DNA was detected in both children (case 1: 4.6 Log IU/mL at day 0, case 2: 5.5 Log IU/mL at day 14). Moreover, hair HBV DNA was detectable in case 2 (4.0 Log IU/mL at day 14). Serum HBV DNA became undetectable within approximately 3–4 months after the first hospital visit. After the resolution of HBV viremia, nail and hair HBV DNA became undetectable. The sequence analysis of serum, nail and hair HBV DNA showed the same HBV genotype in each case (case1: genotype C, case 2: genotype A). In case 1, 3 nucleotides were different in the full-genome HBV sequence between the serum and nails. In case 2, the full-genome HBV sequences were identical among the serum, nails and hair. In conclusion, HBV DNA was detectable in nails and hair of children with acute HBV infection. 相似文献
34.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(6):669-678
BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. 相似文献
35.
《Vaccine》2022,40(33):4889-4896
BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been considerably lower than before the pandemic. Moreover, less frequent HBV testing and a reduction in numbers of sex partners have been reported. We assessed the impact of these COVID-19-related changes on HBV transmission among MSM in the Netherlands.MethodsWe estimated the changes in sexual activity, HBV testing, and HBV vaccination among MSM during the pandemic from Dutch data. We used a deterministic compartmental model and investigated scenarios with small or large declines in sexual activity, testing, and vaccination for the current phase of the pandemic (without available data). We examined the increase in HBV vaccinations needed to prevent further increase in HBV incidence.ResultsWith a decrease in numbers of sex partners of 15–25% during the first lockdown and 5% during the second lockdown, we found a decline of 6.6% in HBV incidence in 2020, despite a >70% reduction in HBV testing and vaccination during the first lockdown. With numbers of sex partners rebounding close to pre-pandemic level in 2021, and a reduction of 15% in testing and 30% in vaccination in 2021, we found an increase of 1.4% in incidence in 2021 and 3.1% in 2026. With these changes, an increase of ≥60% in HBV vaccinations in 2022 would be needed to bring the HBV incidence in 2023 back to the level that it would have had if the COVID-19-related changes had not occurred.ConclusionsDespite reductions in sexual activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in HBV vaccinations may result in a small increase in HBV incidence after 2021, which may persist for years. It is important to restore the vaccination level and limit further increase in HBV transmission among MSM. 相似文献
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37.
Inna Y. Gong Nigel S. Tan Sammy H. Ali Gerald Lebovic Muhammad Mamdani Shaun G. Goodman Dennis T. Ko Andreas Laupacis Andrew T. Yan 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(5):653-660
Background
Although it is known that women do not participate in trials as frequently as men, there are limited recent data examining how women recruitment has changed over time.Methods
We conducted MEDLINE search using a validated strategy for randomized trials published in New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and Journal of the American Medical Association between 1986 and 2015, and included trials evaluating pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapies. We abstracted data on demographics, intervention type, clinical indication, and trial design characteristics, and examined their relationships with women enrollment.Results
In total, 598 trials met inclusion criteria. Women enrollment increased significantly over time (21% between 1986 and 1990 to 33% between 2011 and 2015; Pfor trend < 0.001) and did not differ by journal or funding source. Women enrollment varied with clinical indication, comprising 37% for non–coronary artery disease vascular trials, 30% for coronary artery disease trials, 28% for heart failure trials, and 28% for arrhythmia trials (P < 0.001), which were all significantly lower than the expected proportion in disease populations (P < 0.001). Women enrollment varied with trial type (31%, 29%, and 26% for pharmacologic, device, and procedural trials, respectively; P = 0.001). These findings were corroborated using multivariable analysis. We found significant positive correlations between women enrolled, and mean age and total number of participants. Fewer women were enrolled in trials reporting statistically significant results than those who did not (P = 0.001).Conclusions
Although enrollment of women has increased over time, it remains lower than the relative proportion in the disease population. Future studies should elucidate the reasons for persistent under-representation of women in clinical trials. 相似文献38.
周天保 《中华移植杂志(电子版)》2019,13(3):252-254
目前,国内外肝移植学界对肝移植术后急性排斥反应(AR)的机制阐释为T细胞介导的细胞免疫应答,但为获得长期生存仍需长期乃至终身服用免疫抑制剂。即使如此,临床上AR仍时有发生,并导致相当一部分受者移植肝功能丧失,更重要的是受者术后还受到感染、肿瘤和其他一系列不良反应及沉重经济负担的影响。因此,为肝移植AR机制提出新的理论解释,更全面深入阐明肝移植免疫排斥反应的内在机制,进而依据新的机制研制出新型免疫抑制剂已势在必行。本文就B细胞介导的体液免疫应答在肝移植AR中的作用作一综述。 相似文献
39.