溧阳市社区诊断人群体重、腰围自报数据准确性分析

目的了解溧阳市居民自身体重、腰围的知晓现状,以及自报数据的准确性及影响因素。方法采取多阶段整群、随机、系统抽样方法,抽取的家庭中调查年龄≥18岁居民,比较分析体重、腰围的自报值与实测值。结果调查8 882人,人群体重知晓率为88.67%,腰围知晓率为76.78%;体重自报值平均偏低(0.30±4.25)kg,且不同性别、年龄的自报值均低于实测值;腰围自报值平均偏高(0.10±5.62)cm;体重、腰围自报值准确率分别为64.40%、55.65%,年龄、文化程度、职业、身质指数与体重、腰围自报准确性均有关联(P值均0.05)。结论应进一步加强对老年、退休在家、低文化程度、身体质量指数异常群体的健康宣教,增强居民自身健康指标的掌握程度。     

How can epidemiological studies contribute to understanding autism spectrum disorders?

More and more studies on the frequency of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been published recently, most of which show the increase in prevalence data. In this review, the author pointed out factors and parameters to be considered in analyzing frequency data, i.e., the enlargement of the concept of autism, prevalence and incidence, accuracy and precision in the initial screening, and the effect of the “vaccine debate”. The proportion of high-functioning ASD has been growing higher and higher due to better recognition in the last few years, and the apparent increase might still be the tip of an iceberg. Future epidemiological studies should include themes on diversity of the longitudinal course and re-conceptualization of ASD by dimensional diagnosis.     

Normal vowel articulations between 15 and 36 months of age

The results of a longitudinal study of normal vowel articulations are reported. Data were collected from four children at 15, 18, 21, 24 and 36 months of age. All phonetically transcribable vocalizations (glossable and non-glossable) were analysed to form an inventory of vowel types. Results of the analysis yielded a greater variety of vowel types compared to previous studies examining glossable utterances. The general pattern of development was less precise than the pattern previously reported for vowel accuracy studies. Lax and tense vowels occurred in equal numbers as did front and back vowels. The advantages and clinical value of considering non-glossable vocalizations in the assessment of young children's articulatory abilities are discussed.     

Reliability of Sonoelastography in Ductal Carcinoma

The objective of the study was to evaluate the reliability of sonoelastography in ductal carcinoma in patients in primary and secondary health care settings. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Wikipedia and NCBI were searched in January 2018 for all original research and review articles to identify relevant studies. Two reviewers selected the articles independently for based on the title and abstract. The selection criteria were sonoelastography accuracy for diagnosing ductal carcinoma as index text, B-mode sonography, and micropure imaging; surgery and histologic findings were used as reference text; and benign and malignant breast abnormalities and ductal carcinoma were used as target conditions. Two reviewers extracted the data on selected study characteristics, and the results were used to construct the tables and figures. Fifteen studies on ductal carcinoma were found. The overall sensitivity of sonoelastography in diagnosing ductal carcinoma was 85.7%, and the specificity, 79.8%. On the basis of the literature review, it was concluded that sonoelastography has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ductal carcinoma.     

高频超声用于急性阑尾炎诊断的临床价值探讨

目的:研究急性阑尾炎诊断中高频超声的应用价值。方法:2018年4月~2019年12月本院接诊的急性阑尾炎病患75例,予以低频和高频超声检查。结果:本组高频超声诊断的准确率比低频超声高,P<0.05。结论:于急性阑尾炎诊断中运用高频超声,可提高诊断准确率。     

3D and 2D ultrasound-based fetal weight estimation: a single center experience

Objective: Evaluate two new 3D and two new 2D ultrasound formulae for fetal weight estimation against the modified Hadlock formula and compare their estimation to the actual fetal weight.

Methods: Fifty pregnant females were included. Inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancy, within five days of delivery and normal or IUGR pregnancy. 3D evaluation of the fetal thigh and arm was done to calculate mid-thigh and mid-arm volumes. The actual fetal weight was recorded at delivery and compared to the estimated weights.

Results: Modified Hadlock formula had higher accuracy, whereas fractional limb volume method had higher precision. Systematic errors for the modified Hadlock formula, Model 6 of fractional limb volume and the original mid-thigh soft tissue thickness methods were 2.3%, ?4.8% and 11%, respectively, whereas the random errors were 7.7%, 6.2% and 13.8%, respectively. The percentage of cases estimated within 5%, 10% and 15% of actual fetal weight were 48%, 86% and 92%, respectively, for the modified Hadlock method, whereas for the fractional limb volume method, these were 40%, 78% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusion: Fractional limb volume method is a very promising method for fetal weight estimation. Its performance is not significantly different from the modified Hadlock method.     

Accuracy of infrared ear thermometry in adult patients

Objective: To assess (1) the agreement between infrared ear thermometry and core reference temperature (in the pulmonary artery), (2) the agreement between measurements in the right and left ears, and (3) the screening validity of infrared tympanic thermometry in detecting rectal fever. Design: Temperatures were measured in both ears with an infrared thermometer, in one group of patients by simultaneous measurements with thermistors inserted in the pulmonary artery, esophagus, and rectum, and in the other group with a rectal glass-mercury thermometer. Setting: An intensive care unit and a department of internal medicine in a secondary care hospital. Patients and participants: Two samples: 16 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit and 103 consecutive patients admitted to the department of medicine. Measurements: The major outcome measures were (a) the agreement between infrared ear thermometry and thermistor pulmonary artery temperature and (b) the sensitivity and specificity for detecting fever, using rectal measurement as reference. Results: Both rectal and esophageal thermistor measurements showed better agreement with the pulmonary artery reference temperature than single ear tympanic thermometry. The sensitivity and specificity of ear thermometry for detecting fever (≥38.0°C rectal reference) were 0.58 and 0.94, respectively. Double ear thermometry had a sensitivity of 0.61 and a specificity of 0.95, when using the mean value. Conclusions: Both rectal and esophageal thermistor measurements showed better agreement with pulmonary artery temperature than single ear thermometry. Using the mean of two ear measurements improves the agreement and screening validity for detecting fever by rectal temperature. If temperature measurements are critical, esophageal measurements achieve excellent agreement with pulmonary artery temperatures. Received: 15 November 1995 Accepted: 28 September 1996     

332例支纤镜刷片细胞学准确性分析

为探讨支纤镜刷片细胞学诊断准确性，复阅332例细胞学支纤镜刷片涂片，142例有临床或病理证实为支气管肺癌病例。细胞学检出癌细胞106例，未检出癌细胞225例，其中1例细胞学高度怀疑小细胞未分化癌，手术病理证实为结核。支纤镜刷片细胞学诊断敏感性为74.7％，特异性为99．5％，假阳性率为0．5％，假阴性率为25．4％。同时对细胞学误诊原因进行了分析。