An overview of craniospinal axis fields and field matching

Many methods are implemented for craniospinal axis (CSA) radiation treatment (RT). This paper’s goal is to define correctly matched CSA RT fields. Overlap or a space between matched RT fields can create variances of dose and the possibility of negative side effects or disease recurrence, respectively. An accurate CSA RT match procedure is created with localization markers, immobilization devices, equations, feathered matches, safety gap, and portal imaging. A CS match angle is predetermined to optimize patient position before immobilization device fabrication. Various central axis (CA) placements within the brain and spine fields that effect gantry, table, and collimator rotation are described. An overview of the methods used to create CSA RT fields and matches is presented for optimal CSA RT implementation. In addition, to the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that a prone CSA RT with anesthesia has been described.     

Use of wand markers on the pelvis in three dimensional gait analysis

During clinical gait analysis, surface markers are placed over the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) of the pelvis. However, this can be problematic in overweight or obese subjects, where excessive adipose tissue can obscure the markers and prevent accurate tracking. A novel solution to this problem has previously been proposed and tested on a limited sample of healthy, adult subjects. This involves use of wand markers on the pelvis, to virtually recreate the ASIS markers. The method was tested here on 20 typical subjects presenting for clinical gait analysis (adults and children, including overweight subjects). The method was found to accurately reproduce ASIS markers, and allow calculation of pelvic angles to within one degree of angles produced by ASIS markers.     

ACQUIRED VON WILLEBRAND SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH EWING SARCOMA

This study was conducted to quantify the degree of osteoporosis in thalassemic patients by single energy quantitative computed tomography (SEQCT) and to test the reliability of this method. On 38 thalassemic patients with osteoporosis and 38 normal control subjects, bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were done by SEQCT. BMD and standard deviation (SD) of the x-ray attenuation numbers of pixels within region of interest (ROI) of the measurement areas were compared between two groups. Mean BMD values for thalassemic patients and control group were 173.4 and 158.2 mg/cm³, respectively. Mean BMD value for thalassemic patient group was significantly higher. Mean SD values of ROI for control group and thalassemic patients were 41.4 and 71.1, respectively. The difference between the SD values was also statistically significant. Positive correlation was noted between SD values and patients' ages in the thalassemic group. Results of SEQCT method may not reflect the clinical and conventional radiographic findings of osteoporosis seen in thalassemic patient group and should be used cautiously. Other methods of BMD measurement, such as photon absorbsiometry and x-ray absorbsiometry, should also be investigated for their accuracy in this patient group.     

三维数字化模型测量牙齿和牙弓的精确性研究

目的 通过与手工测量法比较,评估三维数字化法模型测量牙齿和牙弓的可靠性和精确性。方法 选择喀什地区维吾尔族成年人石膏模型150副,采用结构光扫描仪对石膏模型扫描获得三维图像后,运用Geomagic Studio 13.0分析软件进行分析和测量,分别测量牙冠高度、宽度、牙弓长度和宽度,与手工测量方法进行比较和分析。结果 虽然三维数字化法与手工法测得的牙冠宽度、高度和牙弓长度的部分数值具有统计学差异,但不具有临床意义,组内相关系数均>0.75。结论 结构光数字化模型的准确性好,在临床的诊断和治疗过程中可替代石膏模型。     

Accuracy of voluntary movements at the thumb and elbow joints

Summary Subjects made simultaneously movements from a common rest position and attempted to align corresponding joints (elbow joints, or distal joints of thumb), on opposite sides of the body. When misalignments were expressed in angular terms, variability of performance within and between subjects was greater for thumb than for elbow joints. When the misalignments were expressed in terms of linear misalignment at the end of the moved lever arms, variability of performance within and between subjects was less for thumb than elbow joints. However, when the misalignments were expressed in terms of mean proportional changes in the lengths of fascicles in muscles operating at the joints, variabilities of performances at both joints were similar. In another test, subjects made small unloaded movements at either the elbow joint or the distal thumb joint to guide a cursor along a narrow path. When the movement task was made similar for the elbow and thumb joints in terms of either the angular excursion required, or the required linear excursion of the moved lever tip, accuracy of performances at the two joints varied greatly. Only when the tasks were similar in terms of the mean proportional changes of length in fascicles of muscles operating at the joints, were performances at the two joints of similar accuracy. The results suggest that proportional change in muscle fascicle length is a significant variable for the CNS in proprioception and the control of voluntary movement.     

The quality of self-monitoring of blood glucose

The accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SBGM) was assessed by a quality control programme. Ninety diabetic patients who were routinely performing SBGM were supplied with a series of quality control solutions which they tested with their usual meter and reagent strip. The overall error rate (a result outside the range of the mean +/- 3SD for each quality control solution) was 39% for users of the Ames system and 33% in Boehringer Mannheim system users. The clinical relevance of these errors was determined by examining the effect on the clinical decision which would have been based on the erroneous result, either in taking inappropriate action or in failing to take appropriate action. In 30% of all patients, 25% or more of the errors were of such a degree as to be clinically misleading. The most common error was an underestimation of the result, which gave the impression of better than actual blood glucose control. The main reason for these errors was the failure of patients to take sufficient care in following the manufacturers' instructions when performing the test. Clinically relevant erroneous results are common among patients performing SBGM.     

计算机数控骨科定位—手术仪定位准确性评估实验研究

目的通过对定位—手术仪和传统定位器定位精确度比较,对定位—手术仪的定位准确性进行评估。方法取8根股骨(左右各4个)和4具经甲醛溶液浸泡过的成人尸体标本,分为两组,分别使用定位—手术仪和传统定位器进行定位,并将定位后定位针的旋转角度和进针深度与预先设置的数值进行比较。结果定位—手术仪对股骨颈前倾角定位精确度在±1.5°,颈干角为±1.68°,进针精度≤±1mm,而传统定位器的前倾角精度为±2.98°,颈干角为±4.68°,进针精度远大于±1mm。结论用定位—手术仪进行术前定位,是一种较好的方法。     

LC method for the therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine: Evaluation of the assay performance and validation of its application in the routine area

An accurate and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic method using diode array detection for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma has been developed and validated for use in pharmacokinetic studies. A validation strategy based on the accuracy profiles was used to select the most appropriate regression model and to determine the limits of quantitation as well as the concentration range. On the other hand, the present paper also shows this validation approach as a suitable tool to guaranty the quality of the results obtained by the use of the analytical validated methodology for plasma lamotrigine determination in a routine setting and to ensure the risk of obtaining the future measurements outside the previously fixed acceptance limits.     

多普勒超声定量血流量准确性的实验研究

目的：本文探讨几种常用多普勒血流参数定量血流量的准确性。方法：在离体模型上准确模拟出不同的血流量，用频谱多普勒测量几种血流数（TAmean、TApeak和VTI），分别计算每分血流量Q，并与实际血流量进行比较。结果：Q(TAmean）与实际血流量接近，测量比较准确（回收率RR＝98．0％），其次是Q（TApeak)（RR＝91．6％），而Q(VTI)准确性较差（RR＝159．9％），高估实际血流量约60％；而各方法的变异系数无明显差别。结论：应用TAmean计算每分血流量较其它血流参数相对比较准确。     

牙髓状态影响TRR1根尖定位仪准确性的临床评价

目的探讨TRR1根尖定位仪在不同牙髓活力状态下测量根管长度的准确性。方法由指定的临床主治医师使用TRR1根尖定位仪对诊断为牙髓炎和尖周炎的两组患牙分别作根管长度测量,根据X线插针定位片测定K锉尖距根尖的距离（L）,以0mm≤L≤2mm为测量准确。结果牙髓炎组（A组）测量准确率较根尖周炎组（B组）低,但两组准确率无显著性差异。结论TRR1根尖定位仪的准确性不受牙髓活力状态的影响。