Outcomes of fixation for periprosthetic tibia fractures around and below total knee arthroplasty

IntroductionThe incidence of periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rising due to an increasing number of TKAs performed annually and the growing elderly population. Like periprosthetic fractures of the distal femur, periprosthetic tibia fractures are primarily treated with operative fixation; however, there is limited scientific literature that has reported outcomes of periprosthetic tibia fractures treated with modern plating techniques. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of non-intraoperative periprosthetic tibia fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) ever reported.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 4557 operatively treated tibia fractures with ORIF over a 16-year period at two Level 1 Trauma Centers.Results38 patients with an average follow-up of 15.3 months (range 3–24) were identified. 11 (28.9%) fractures were in the proximal tibia (four with extension into the plateau (Felix 1A) and seven adjacent to the tibial stem (Felix 2A)), six (15.8%) in the midshaft/diaphysis (Felix 3A), and 21 (55.3%) in the distal 1/3rd (metaphysis, Felix 3A). 76.3% (29/38) of fractures united by 6 months following the index procedure, leaving 9 nonunions. The overall re-operation rate was 31.6% (12/38). There were no significant differences in rates of union (p = 1.00), reoperation (p = 0.66), superficial infection (p = 0.66), or deep infection (p = 0.31) in patients treated with single versus dual plating.ConclusionPeriprosthetic tibia fractures are difficult to treat and have a high risk of nonunion and reoperation even with modern plating techniques. Most patients can be treated to union with operative fixation and do not require revision arthroplasty, if the components are stable initially. We recommend dual plating for fractures in the proximal third, and either single plating or nailing for fractures in the middle and distal thirds depending on bone quality, implant positioning, and fracture morphology.     

Hook plating in patella fractures

PurposeTension band wiring is considered the standard treatment for patella fractures. However, it is limited for fractures with marginal involvement, comminution, and osteoporotic bone. Our experience indicates that these limitations can be overcome with the hook plate. We evaluated the radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with patella fracture treated with hook plating.MethodsWe enrolled 30 patients who underwent hook plating for patella fracture at two institutions between 2013 and 2017. Fracture classification and surgical options were reviewed. Postoperative fracture gap and time to union as radiographic measurements, and complications, range of motion, and functional outcome with the Lysholm score as clinical outcomes, were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsNine fractures were AO/OTA 34A1, three B1, one B2, two C1, nine C2, and six C3. All were closed fractures. There were 3 cases of revision, 4 with lateral or medial marginal fracture, 9 with isolated inferior pole fracture, and 14 with comminuted fracture. The average postoperative fracture gap was 0.4 (range, 0–2.0) mm, and bone union was achieved without additional intervention. The average time to union was 11.6 (range, 7–24) weeks. There were no complications, and no extension lag except in one case (10°). The average flexion was 138.5° (range, 110–145°). For functional outcomes, the average Lysholm score was 89.5 (range, 74–95), with 13 excellent, 14 good, 3 fair, and no poor cases.ConclusionThis study suggests that hook plating can result in good bone union and restored knee function in marginal or comminuted fractures of the patella.     

PKP术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性腰椎骨折（OLVF）的疗效及安全性。 方法前瞻性收集2016年9月至2018年9月本院OLVF患者150例，男84例，女66例，年龄（60±8）岁。依据随机数字表分为高量组、中量组、低量组，每组50例，高量组、中量组、低量组PKP术中高粘度骨水泥注入量分别为5.0~7.0 ml、3~4.9 ml、<3.0 ml，比较三组疗效及安全性。 结果150例患者获得满意随访，随访时间（19±7）个月。高量组、中量组、低量组手术时间、术中出血量比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；高量组和中量组术后3、6个月椎体前缘高度[（27.3±3.1）mm、（26.0±2.7）mm和（26.9±3.0）mm、（25.7±2.8）mm]明显高于低量组[（23.8±2.8）mm、（21.3±2.5）mm]，高量组和中量组术后3、6个月Cobb角及疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表（ODI）评分[（40.2±4.7）°、（41.5±4.8）°、（2.6±0.4）分、（1.6±0.3）分、（25.8±3.5）分、（26.9±3.5）分和（40.9±4.8）°、（42.1±4.8）°、（2.6±0.4）分、（1.6±0.3）分、（26.2±3.5）分、（27.2±3.7）分]明显低于低量组[（46.3±5.3）°、（47.8±5.6）°、（3.3±0.4）分、（2.3±0.4）分、（33.3±4.1）分、（34.3±4.2）分]，差异有统计学意义（F=25.371、18.914、29.334、22.457、34.276、30.217、29.364、20.071，均P<0.001）；高量组骨水泥渗漏率（28.00%）明显高于中量组和低量组（8.00%和4.00%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.241，P=0.005）。 结论PKP术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗OLVF的疗效及安全性存在一定的差异，其中注入中量（3~4.9 ml）高粘度骨水泥可获得良好的疗效及安全性，值得临床推广。     

Risks and benefits of timely screw removal after thoracolumbar spine fractures treated with non-fusion technique

BackgroundPercutaneous-short segment screw fixation (SSSF) without bone fusion has proven to be a safe and effective modality for thoracolumbar spine fractures (TLSFs). When fracture consolidation is confirmed, pedicle screws are no longer essential, but clear indications for screw removal following fracture consolidation have not been established.MethodsIn total, we enrolled 31 patients with TLSFs who underwent screw removal following treatment using percutaneous-SSSF without fusion. Plain radiographs, taken at different intervals, measured local kyphosis using Cobb’ angle (CA), vertebra body height (VBH), and the segmental motion angle (SMA). A visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were applied pre-screw removal and at the last follow-up.ResultsThe overall mean CA deteriorated by 1.58° (p < 0.05) and the overall mean VBH decreased by 0.52 mm (p = 0.001). SMA preservation was achieved in 18 patients (58.1%) and kyphotic recurrence occurred in 4 patients (12.9%). SMA preservation was statistically significant in patients who underwent screw removal within 12 months following the primary operation (p = 0.002). Kyphotic recurrence occurred in patients with a CA ≥ 20° at injury (p < 0.001) with a median interval of 16.5 months after screw removal. No patients reported worsening pain or an increased ODI score after screw removal.ConclusionScrew removal within 12 months can be recommended for restoration of SMA with improvement in clinical outcomes. Although, TLSFs with CA ≥ 20° at the time of injury can help to predict kyphotic recurrence after screw removal, the clinical outcomes are less relevant.     

生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法采用生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗60例老年股骨颈骨折患者。末次随访采用Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。手术时间38~62 min,术中出血量50~110 ml。手术切口均一期愈合。2例术后1周发生脑梗死,神经内科会诊治疗后症状好转,但肌力差,髋关节功能差。1例术后8个月因心脏病去世。未出现感染、假体松动、股骨头脱位等并发症。末次随访时根据Harris评分标准评价疗效:优46例,良9例,可2例,差2例。结论生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折手术创伤小,术后下地活动早,并发症少,可有效提高患者生活质量。     

绝经后骨质疏松人群发生椎体骨折的相关危险因素回归分析

目的分析绝经后骨质疏松人群发生椎体骨折相关危险因素。方法纳入2018年6月至2019年5月86例在我院就诊的绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者临床资料,其中单纯PMOP患者43例作为对照组,PMOP椎体骨折患者43例作为试验组。两组均进行临床一般资料收集,并完善骨密度、血清实验室指标等相关检查,对PMOP椎体骨折的相关危险因素作多因素回归分析。结果试验组L1~4、全髋及股骨颈骨密度均低于对照组,试验组HOMA-IR指数及糖尿病发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组与对照组血清骨钙素(bone gla-protein,BGP)[(14.5±5.07) ng/ml vs.(18.1±5.48) ng/ml]、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(procollagen type 1N-peptide,PINP)[(58.4±19.52) ng/ml vs.(41.7±20.16) ng/ml]、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(type 1 collagen carboxy terminal peptide,β-CTX)[(0.5±0.26) ng/ml vs.(0.3±0.23) ng/ml]、血清25-(OH) D [(15.9±7.24) ng/ml vs.(21.4±8.06) ng/ml]、骨源性碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,b ALP)[(20.1±6.85) ng/ml vs.(14.0±5.44) ng/ml]、血清雌二醇(serum estradiol,E2)[(33.6±5.21) pg/ml vs.(42.4±11.58) pg/ml]指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,PINP、β-CTX、b ALP与PMOP椎体骨折呈正相关性,BGP、25-(OH) D与PMOP椎体骨折呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论 PINP、β-CTX、b ALP、BGP、25-(OH) D是PMOP椎体骨折发生的危险因素,对预测及防治PMOP椎体骨折具有重要的指导意义。     

肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

2016年3月~2017年3月,我科采用肱骨头置换治疗15例老年肱骨近端骨折患者,疗效良好,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组15例,男5例,女10例,年龄70~85岁。均为新鲜骨折。受伤至手术时间为3~10 d。1.2治疗方法全身麻醉或颈丛阻滞麻醉。Thompson入路,用0号线标记肩袖、大小结节,显露肱骨头。取出肱骨头及骨折块,植骨备用,测量肱骨头大小,修整肱骨断面,依次扩髓、试模,确认假体高度及假体后倾角28°~32°,行前后抽屉试验及下方稳定试验,牵拉患肢时肱骨头移动范围不超过肩盂关节面高度的1/2,撤去压力后能自行复位。标记置入深度和方向,取出试模,冲洗髓腔,向肱骨近端髓腔内置入一骨栓以封闭远端髓腔,髓腔内注入骨水泥,置入人工肱骨头假体,待骨水泥固化后复位人工肩关节假体,缝合关节囊,解剖位点修复肩袖及大、小结节,被动活动肩关节,确认活动度在正常范围。术后置引流管24~48 h。术后第3天开始被动活动肩关节,术后1周开始被动外展、前屈、后伸,幅度不宜过大,疼痛在患者耐受范围内;第1~6周患肢悬吊保持中立位,2周内不要内旋,4周后可逐渐在重力辅助下继续钟摆式锻炼。     

136例老年高能量股骨转子间骨折的临床治疗分析

目的明确高能量股骨转子间骨折对老年患者的影响。方法高能量创伤老年患者319例,排除伴有外伤性脑损伤及伴有神经症状的脊柱损伤患者。分为骨折组及对照组:骨折组136例,有股骨转子间骨折,平均年龄(70.84±8.06)岁。对照组183例,无股骨转子间骨折,平均年龄(69.09±7.64)岁。记录患者的住院死亡率,6个月及1年死亡率,并发症,ICU时间,住院时间,出院情况,伴随骨折,手术干预情况。采用x~2检验、Fisher's精确概率法、t检验、KaplanMeier评估法以及Cox回归分析对数据进行分析。结果两组间住院死亡率、6个月死亡率、1年死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。高能量股骨骨折的老年患者并发症增加(P0.05),多伴有长骨骨折(P0.05)和非长骨骨折(P0.05),更多需要外科手术治疗(P0.05),住院时间较长(P0.05),两组患者平均ICU天数相似。结论高能量股骨转子间骨折增加了老年患者的并发症发生率,但并没有增加死亡率。对这一群体,伴随损伤可能发挥着更为重要的作用。