关节镜引导下复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效和对患者膝关节功能恢复及生活质量的影响

目的研究关节镜引导下复位内固定对胫骨平台骨折(FTP)患者的疗效和膝关节功能恢复及生活质量的影响。方法选取该院2016年8月-2018年3月收治的FTP患者104例,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组52例。观察组行膝关节镜辅助切开复位内固定术,对照组患者行传统切开复位内固定术。比较两组患者的手术指标(切口长度、出血量、手术用时、术后引流量及下床时间)、骨生化指标[Ca~(2+)、降钙素(CT)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(NBAP)]、治疗疗效、膝关节功能Lysholm评分、生活质量SF-36评分和并发症发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患者骨生化指标、膝关节功能Lysholm评分、生活质量SF-36评分均无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组切口长度、出血量、术后引流量、下床时间、NBAP明显少于对照组(P 0.01),观察组手术时间、Ca~(2+)、CT、BMP水平、Lysholm评分和SF-36评分均明显高于对照组(P 0.01)。观察组治疗有效率为90.38%,明显高于对照组80.77%(P 0.01)。观察组并发症发生率为11.54%,明显低于对照组28.84%(χ~2=4.69,P=0.002)。结论关节镜引导下复位内固定能够明显提升FTP患者的疗效,促进膝关节功能恢复,改善患者骨代谢指标,提高患者的生活质量,值得向临床推广应用。     

Complications in patients of acetabular fractures and the factors affecting the quality of reduction in surgically treated cases

IntroductionAcetabulum fractures, though relatively uncommon, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These involve high energy trauma and due to their complex nature, the management requires understanding the relevant surgical anatomy, defining the injury via appropriate radiographic assessment and determining a suitable treatment plan. Literature is scarce for the demographic data, fracture patterns, associated injuries, management and early complications in the Indian scenario. These factors play a pivotal role in the ultimate recovery of the patients. Therefore this study was conceptualised to assess the epidemiology and evaluate the complications of these fractures. Furthermore the effects of various factors determining the quality of reduction in surgically treated patients were also assessed.MethodologyThis was a prospective observational study in which patients presenting to the advance trauma centre of our institute with acetabulum fractures were included. Demographical data of the patients, mechanisms of injuries, fractures morphologies, complications and radiological outcomes were recorded prospectively.Results116 patients with acetabular fractures were included in the study. 81% of these were males, with average age of 39.95 ± 15.87 years; with road traffic accidents being the predominant mode of injuries. Mortality was reported in 5 patients; 4 patients had deep venous thrombosis and sciatic nerve injuries were seen in 12 patients of which 4 were iatrogenic. 8 patients had some form of infection, out of which 4 required multiple debridements. 4 cases developed heterotrophic ossification while 2 cases had loss of reduction. The timing of surgery and other associated fractures had significant effect on the quality of reduction (p < 0.05); while age, gender, mode of injury or individual fracture patterns had no such effect.ConclusionsProper radiological assessment and evaluation of fracture configuration is important for management of acetabulum fractures. When indicated, this should be followed by early open reduction and internal fixation to achieve anatomical reduction, with management of associated injuries for better outcomes.     

绝经后骨质疏松人群发生椎体骨折的相关危险因素回归分析

目的分析绝经后骨质疏松人群发生椎体骨折相关危险因素。方法纳入2018年6月至2019年5月86例在我院就诊的绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者临床资料,其中单纯PMOP患者43例作为对照组,PMOP椎体骨折患者43例作为试验组。两组均进行临床一般资料收集,并完善骨密度、血清实验室指标等相关检查,对PMOP椎体骨折的相关危险因素作多因素回归分析。结果试验组L1~4、全髋及股骨颈骨密度均低于对照组,试验组HOMA-IR指数及糖尿病发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组与对照组血清骨钙素(bone gla-protein,BGP)[(14.5±5.07) ng/ml vs.(18.1±5.48) ng/ml]、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(procollagen type 1N-peptide,PINP)[(58.4±19.52) ng/ml vs.(41.7±20.16) ng/ml]、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(type 1 collagen carboxy terminal peptide,β-CTX)[(0.5±0.26) ng/ml vs.(0.3±0.23) ng/ml]、血清25-(OH) D [(15.9±7.24) ng/ml vs.(21.4±8.06) ng/ml]、骨源性碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,b ALP)[(20.1±6.85) ng/ml vs.(14.0±5.44) ng/ml]、血清雌二醇(serum estradiol,E2)[(33.6±5.21) pg/ml vs.(42.4±11.58) pg/ml]指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,PINP、β-CTX、b ALP与PMOP椎体骨折呈正相关性,BGP、25-(OH) D与PMOP椎体骨折呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论 PINP、β-CTX、b ALP、BGP、25-(OH) D是PMOP椎体骨折发生的危险因素,对预测及防治PMOP椎体骨折具有重要的指导意义。     

Preventable iatrogenic cause of foot-drop in knee injuries with literature review

PurposeCommon peroneal nerve palsy is quite disabling and every effort should be made to prevent its injury during the treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 7 cases of tibial plateau fractures in association with proximal fibula fracture from January 2019 to September 2019 who presented to emergency room of our hospital.ResultsIn addition to fibular neck fracture, the first case had type 6 tibial plateau displaced fracture and the second case had displaced acetabular fracture with instability of knee with tibial tuberosity avulsion. common peroneal nerve palsy developed following application of distal tibial skeletal traction in both the cases. Other 6 such cases remained neurologically intact as traction was not applied to them.ConclusionSuch iatrogenic complication could have been prevented if the injury pattern of "concomitant medial and lateral columns" of the proximal leg is kept in mind by the treating surgeon before applying skeletal traction.     

以胸大肌肱骨止点确定肱骨假体高度的临床体会

目的探讨胸大肌肌腱肱骨止点(pectoralismajor tendon,PMT)上缘作为半肩置换术中假体高度定位参考的临床应用。方法2014年1月至2014年12月间行切开解剖复位钢板内固定的肱骨近端骨折病例12例,男4例,女8例;年龄56~72岁,平均(65.3±5.2)岁。测量PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的平均距离为(5.21±0.42)cm。2015年1月至2018年12月的38例老年严重肱骨近端骨折行半肩置换的患者,参照PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的距离5.2 cm确定肱骨假体高度,男7例,女31例;年龄60~82岁,平均(72.0±6.5)岁。术后3个月拍摄双侧肱骨全长X线片并测量长度,比较双侧差异是否有统计学意义。根据对侧肱骨长度(humeruslength,HL),采用HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异是否有统计学意义。结果所有患者均随访3个月,半肩置换侧肱骨全长与对侧肱骨全长分别为(32.41±2.47)cm、(31.93±2.82)cm,比较差异无统计学意义。根据对侧HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.61±2.82)cm,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异无统计学意义。结论PMT可以作为肱骨假体高度的可靠参照,PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.21±0.42)cm,可以作为参考数值之一。     

髁突颈下部骨折口内入路与颌后入路的临床效果比较

目的:总结髁突颈下部骨折口内入路的治疗体会。方法:回顾2017年10月—2019年6月经手术治疗的髁突颈下部骨折患者17例,其中实验组7例行口内切口内固定,对照组10例行颌后切口内固定,比较2组的手术时间、骨折内固定情况、术后伤口感染率。术后随访3个月,观察开口及咬合功能恢复、术后面部瘢痕、术后面神经损伤情况。结果:实验组平均手术时间2 h,对照组2.5 h。实验组7例均采取单钛板固定,对照组10例均采用双钛板固定。实验组术后2例发生伤口感染,感染率28%;对照组伤口未出现感染。实验组术后常伴开口受限及咬合关系不协调,均需配合颌间牵引1~2周左右,随访3个月开口及咬合功能基本恢复正常。对照组术后开口受限较实验组轻,术后咬合关系基本恢复正常;随访3个月,开口及咬合功能恢复正常。实验组术后面部仅遗留1~2个3 mm左右穿颊小切口,瘢痕不明显;对照组术后于颌后区遗留3 cm左右手术切口,瘢痕较明显。2组均未发现面神经损伤。结论:口内入路髁突颈下部骨折的治疗可以达到与颌后入路相近的疗效,面部遗留瘢痕较轻。但伤口感染风险高,视野及操作空间受限,手术创伤较口外入路大,术后需要配合较长时间颌间牵引,开口及咬合功能恢复时间较长。     

Evaluation of the short-term results of closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF)

PurposeOptimum management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) still controversial. Open surgery carries the risk of wound complications, while non-operative management has a high incidence of arthrosis. To avoid these complications, minimally invasive and percutaneous fixation was introduced. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the short term clinical and radiological outcomes after closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of DIACF using K-wires.Patients and methodsOutcomes of twenty patients were evaluated at the final follow up. A functional assessment using the AOFAS scoring system. Radiological parameters recorded included three angles (Böhler’s, Gissane and posterior facet inclination angles) and three distances (calcaneal length, height and width). Any complications were reported at any follow-up.ResultsThe mean patient’s age was 33 ± 15.2 years, 8 (40%) patients with type II fractures, 10 (50%) patients with type III fractures, and 2 (10%) with type IV fracture according to Sanders classification. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, the mean AOFAS score was 84, excellent in 9 patients (45%), good in 9 (45%), and fair in 2 (10%). At the final follow-up the Böhler’s angle, Gissane angle and PFIA was 25.1° ± (5.2), 119.9° ± (9.4) and 51.7° ± (5.9) respectively and the calcaneal height, length and width was 41.8 mm ± (2.1), 75.1 mm ± (3.01) and 40.9 mm ± (2.6) respectively. We had no cases of deep infection, 20% had significant subtalar arthritis.ConclusionThe closed reduction and percutaneous fixation technique for DIACF management offered acceptable clinical and radiographic outcomes, with fewer complications when compared to other management options.     

TRIGEN股骨髓内钉在股骨骨折中的应用

目的探讨TRIGEN股骨髓内钉在股骨骨折中的应用效果。方法对54例股骨骨折患者采用TRIGEN股骨髓内钉治疗,记录髓内钉远端锁钉时间、透视次数、一次锁钉成功率及骨折愈合时间。结果54例均获得随访,时间8~36个月。患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间3~14个月。均无伤口感染、血管神经损伤。Sureshot远端瞄准系统远端锁钉时间为142~412 s,一次锁钉成功率为97.2%,透视次数为1~6次。结论TRIGEN股骨髓内钉治疗股骨骨折治疗效果满意,具有损伤小、固定简便、并发症少等优点;Sureshot远端瞄准系统一次锁钉准确率高、操作时间短、放射量小。