覆醛氧化淀粉联合硝苯啶治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭264例

对老年慢性肾功能衰竭264例患者(男148例,女116例;年龄66±7a)用硝苯啶10mg联合覆醛氧化淀粉5-10mg,tid,po。另设相似88例患者(男48例,女40例;年龄66±7a)单服覆醛氧化淀粉与之对照,用法同前。2组均连服16wk。结果:前者有效216例(81.8％),后者有效49例(56％),组间比较P<0.01。2组副作用相似,均可坚持服药。     

The social sciences and successful aging: Issues for Asia–Oceania

Aim:   This paper presents social science understandings of successful aging for a broad audience in multidisciplinary gerontology in Asia–Oceania.
Methods:   The international literature on social science aspects of successful aging is reviewed with a focus on Asia and social improvement.
Results:   New positive approaches to aging research are identifying opportunities for maintaining capacities and well-being over the life course. Successful aging, productive aging, and active aging are key concepts. Increasing life expectancy and fertility control are major social achievements that underpin population aging as the mainstream social transformation facing the world. Asia will be at the forefront of this change and the consequences will vary greatly between cultures, nations, and subgroups within them. Older people generally maintain good quality of life and the capacity to 'age well' is influenced by life-long maturation and emotional, social, and economic resources. Good health can be enhanced through positive actions such as physical activity, good nutrition, and not smoking. Mental capacities can also be improved and maintained throughout old age. In advanced old age, the 'fourth age', the focus turns to ameliorating the effects of loss and to maintaining dignity.
Conclusions:   The social sciences contribute knowledge useful for improving life experiences for older people and aging societies. Population aging is central to national economic development. Public policy and individual action concerning aging can benefit all age groups. To better inform these developments it is important to address the serious shortfall of social science research on aging in the Asia–Oceania region.     

老年急性心肌梗塞病人PTF_(v1)的分析

本文分析91例60岁以上急性心肌梗塞(AMI)病人的心电图 V_1导联上 P 波的终末电势(PTFv_1)由 V_1导联的负向 P 波深度×宽度求得,单位为 mm·s。正常值≥-0.03mm·s,本组 PTFv_1异常者共44例,占48.4%,与 AMI 病人的年龄、梗塞部位、面积扩大及泵衰竭的增重有很大关系。经过治疗,随着病情的好转 PTFv_1可恢复正常。因此,PTFv_1对老年 AMI 的预后判断具有很大的意义。     

Clinical characteristics of rapidly progressive leuko-araiosis

Introduction – 38 patients found to have either pure leuko-araiosis (LA) or LA combined with infarction(s) on computer tomography (CT) in 1989 were re-examined in 1992 in order to evaluate the progression of LA. The follow-up period averaged 3.2 years. Material and methods - The clinical and radiological data on patients in 1989 were collected from hospital records and re-evaluated. The patients were re-examined clinically (including 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement), and neuroradiologically (CT) in 1992 for this study. Results – 11 (29%) patients were found to have significant (rapid) progression of the extent of LA on CT during the follow-up. At baseline, there was no significant difference in the mean number of brain infarctions between the groups with progressing (prLA) and non-progressing LA (nprLA) or between the number of cortical and central infarctions within these groups. At follow-up, the total number of infarctions had increased significantly in both groups, but it was mostly because of the increase in cortical infarctions in the prLA group (p = 0.043) and, conversely, the central ones in the nprLA group (p = 0.011). prLA was found to be related to heart failure (82% vs 37%, p = 0.029) and atrial fibrillation (55% vs 19%, p = 0.047), whereas nprLA was strongly associated with a sudden onset of symptoms (78% vs prLA 18%, p = 0.001) like a-true brain infarction. Other clinical factors, including mean blood pressure and heart rate, did not clearly differentiate between the groups. Conclusion - The results suggest that there are different subgroups of patients with LA associated with various vascular factors. The occurrence of LA is not related to the distribution of infarctions. The progression of LA is not related to the number of brain infarctions or to the simultaneous increase of infarctions on CT.     

217例老年精神病人的躯体共病性研究

目的：探讨老年精神科病人躯体疾病共病情况及其意义。方法：调查217例老年精神科病人的精神科诊断及合弄躯体疾病情况。结果：88．9％的病人合并有躯体疾病，每一个病人合并的躯体疾病的病种数平均为2．18种。合并的躯体疾病多见的是脑血管病、高血压、心脏病、感染、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等。结论：老年精神科病人的躯体共病现象具有普遍性，其躯体疾病分布具有普通老年科病人的特点。躯体共病影响精神疾病的疗效预后及老年精神科的临床工作模式。     

贫困山区育龄妇女健康状况调查分析

育龄妇女的健康状况。可以反映一个地区的社会经济发展水平，也可反映当地医疗保健服务的水平以及群众利用服务的能力。通过对贫困山区岳西县555名育龄妇女的健康状况及影响因素进行分析，发现常见病、多发病仍威胁贫困山区育龄妇女的健康，同时家庭经济状况直接影响农村育龄妇女对卫生服务的利用。     

已婚育龄妇女避孕措施变化趋势分析

目的:了解已婚育龄妇女避孕措施的变化趋势,为指导计划生育服务工作提供科学依据。方法:收集1983~2005年苏州市已婚育龄妇女避孕方法的资料,并用统计软件对其变化趋势进行了分析。结果:已婚育龄妇女节育率在88.38%~92.94%范围波动,长效避孕措施现用率从75.19%下降至71.27%,而短效避孕措施从12.86%上升至17.11%。宫内节育器的现用率从50.09%上升到66.50%;避孕套从1.94%上升到14.21%;其他避孕方法的现用率均呈下降趋势,其中女性绝育现用率从24.42%下降到4.50%。结论:节育率维持在较高水平;长效避孕措施现用率下降而短效避孕措施现用率上升;避孕方法使用趋于多样化,需要提供满足个性化需求的指导和服务。     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 研究儿童感觉统合失调与学习障碍及环境因素的关系。方法 采用感觉统合评定量表和学习障碍(PRS)筛查量表，分别对755名学龄儿童进行检测、分析。结果 感觉统合严重失调率为13．25％；感觉统合正常与失调儿童的学习障碍有统计学差异(P＜0．005)；其中在LD儿童中感觉统合失调率占63．51％；感觉统合失调与母孕期的情绪、是否足月顺产、出生后的喂养方式、居住环境、孩子1岁内有无高热、家长对孩子的态度及期待等因素有关(P＜0．05)。结论 儿童感觉统合失调与环境因素、学习障碍有一定的关系。     

Augmentation strategies in geriatric depression

Approximately 30–40% of elderly patients with major depression have inadequate response to an initial therapeutic trial of antidepressant medication. In these cases augmentation of the antidepressant has been recommended as one way of improving the rate of response. This article reviews the literature on augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant geriatric depression. Successful augmentation with lithium, triiodothyronine, stimulants, carbamazepine, valproate and a tricyclic–serotonin reuptake inhibitor combination have been described. However, there have been no controlled trials and, with the exception of two open prospective studies of lithium potentiation, the literature consists entirely of case reports and retrospective case series. As a result, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the efficacy of these strategies in late life, especially since treatment failures seldom get reported. Side-effects may limit the usefulness of some augmentation regimens in old age—up to 25% of patients treated with lithium or carbamazepine discontinued these medications because of adverse events. There is a need for controlled studies to better determine the clinical utility of augmentation strategies in physically well depressed elderly, as well as those with depression complicating medical illness, dementia and other neurological disorders.     

老年腹股沟疝患者疝环充填式无张力修补术86例

目的总结弛环充填式无张力修补术治疗老年腹股沟疝患者的经验。方法回顾分析2002年3月-2005年7月采用德国Braun公司生产的Braun mesh和plug治疗的86例老年腹股沟疝患者的临床资料。结果平均手术时间35min，术后8-10h下床活动，2周恢复日常生活，伤口均一期愈合，术后尿潴留15例，异物感3例，随访3—40个月无一例复发。结论疝环充填式无张力修补术操作方便，创伤小，恢复快，复发率低，是老年患者理想有效的疝修补术。