胃癌术前淋巴结转移评估方法研究进展

胃癌在我国的发病率及病死率较高,目前,手术仍然是胃癌的主要治疗方式。术前诊断淋巴结转移对于胃癌手术方式的选择有着重大意义。目前,临床中对于胃癌术前淋巴结转移的诊断尚没有金标准。本文对胃癌术前淋巴结转移评估方法的研究进展进行综述。     

基因诊断技术在脊柱结核诊断中的应用现状

脊柱结核是一种常见的肺外结核病。近年来,随着脊柱结核患者逐年增多,不典型脊柱结核患者亦逐渐增多,而不典型脊柱结核诊断较为困难,需要与一般细菌感染、肿瘤以及非结核分枝杆菌感染相鉴别。基因诊断技术是一项诊断脊柱结核的重要工具,对临床不典型脊柱结核的诊断有较高价值。本文将对脊柱结核的流行现状、诊断及基因诊断技术进行综述,以帮助临床工作者对脊柱结核做出更加准确的诊断。     

Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen nomenclature: update on CD nomenclature. Report of IUIS/WHO Subcommittee

The 7th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA7) studied a number of newly characterised molecules relevant to human leucocyte differentiation and function. The HLDA organisation, which devised and continues to maintain the CD nomenclature, is responsible, under the auspices of IUIS and WHO, for the nomenclature of all leucocyte differentiation markers. The 7th Workshop redefined a number of (principally carbohydrate) molecules, and assigned CD names to approximately 80 new molecules. This update lists, in tabular form, the redefined and newly assigned names, together with antibodies, which have been confirmed under Workshop conditions as specific for the new and redefined molecules. The major features of the cellular expression patterns are summarised, and a LocusLink accession number provided to enable the reader to access more detailed information through http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink.     

Immune status and uptake of antiretroviral interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa

The aim of this study performed in Abidjan, C?te d'Ivoire, was to describe the distribution of CD4+ T-cell lymphocytes (CD4) in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) pregnant women diagnosed during prenatal voluntary counseling and testing and to assess whether HIV-related immunodeficiency influenced the acceptance of an antiretroviral (ARV) package (zidovudine beginning at 36 weeks of amenorrhea plus intrapartum nevirapine) to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Between April and June 2002, a CD4 count was systematically performed in all HIV+ women (n=221) in 5 antenatal clinics carrying out voluntary counseling and testing. No difference in CD4 count was found in HIV+ women who did not return for their test result (n=50) and those who were informed of their positive serostatus (n=171) (median CD4 count: 389/mm3 vs. 420/mm3; P=0.19). We also found a lack of difference in CD4 count in those who accepted ARV (n=72) and those who did not but knew their HIV status (n=99) (median CD4 count: 405/mm3 vs. 425/mm3; P=0.47). The overall uptake of the intervention (31.9%) appeared to be independent of the maternal immune status.     

A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of international HIV prevention interventions designed to reduce sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We performed a comprehensive search of published and unpublished English-language reports of HIV prevention interventions that focus on MSM and evaluated changes in risky sexual behavior or biologic outcomes related to sexual risk. Data from 33 studies described in 65 reports were available as of July 2003. Studies with insufficient data to calculate effect sizes were excluded from the meta-analysis. Interventions were associated with a significant decrease in unprotected anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.92) and number of sexual partners (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94) and with a significant increase in condom use during anal intercourse (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.22). Interventions successful in reducing risky sexual behavior were based on theoretic models, included interpersonal skills training, incorporated several delivery methods, and were delivered over multiple sessions spanning a minimum of 3 weeks. Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV prevention for MSM. To the extent that proven HIV prevention interventions for MSM can be successfully replicated in community settings and adapted and tailored to different situations, the effectiveness of current HIV prevention efforts can be increased.     

2014—2019年江西省伤害死亡情况及疾病负担分析

目的 了解江西省居民伤害死亡流行情况及其疾病负担,为科学制定本省伤害防制策略和措施提供依据。方法 利用中国死因登记报告信息系统2014—2019年江西死因监测数据,应用Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0软件进行数据整理和分析。采用死亡数、粗死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿年数（PYLL）、减寿率（PYLLR）和平均潜在减寿年数(AYLL)等指标进行统计学描述,趋势变化采用年度变化百分比（APC）进行分析。结果 2014—2019年江西报告伤害死亡25 638人,年均粗死亡率为 50.81/10万,年均标化死亡率为 49.55/10万。男性死亡率高于女性、城市死亡率高于农村。伤害死亡前5位死因分别为道路交通事故、跌落、溺水、自杀和中毒。溺水、交通事故、跌落分别是0～14岁、15～44和45～64岁、≥65岁的首位伤害死因。2014—2019年江西省前5位伤害死因中,跌落粗死亡率呈上升趋势（APC = 8.22%）,中毒粗死亡率均呈下降趋势。2014—2019年伤害PYLL为692 196.73人年,PYLLR为14.24‰,AYLL 为 33.77年。PYLL及PYLLR 交通事故最高,AYLL最高的为溺水。15～44岁年龄组PYLL最高。结论 江西省伤害死亡负担较重,应根据不同人群的伤害死亡特征制定相应的防控策略和措施。     

缺血性卒中相关性肺炎危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素。方法 回顾性纳入2018年1月—2020年12月期间唐山市协和医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke, AIS)患者,收集人口统计学及临床资料。根据是否发生卒中相关性肺炎(stroke - associated pneumonia, SAP)分为非SAP组和SAP组,比较两组的各项临床资料,并采用多因素logistic回归分析SAP的独立影响因素。结果 共纳入721例患者,平均年龄(65.63±12.07)岁;SAP组年龄、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分,冠心病、心房颤动、卒中史、吞咽障碍和入院格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤10分的比例、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原和白细胞计数均高于非SAP组,而SAP组入院舒张压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比值、血红蛋白和红细胞计数均低于非SAP组,差异均有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄增高(OR = 1.055,95%CI:1.009～1.103)、入院NIHSS评分增加(OR = 1.290,95%CI:1.154～1.444)、白细胞计数升高(OR = 1.267,95%CI:1.101～1.457)是SAP发生的危险因素。结论 缺血性卒中相关性肺炎与高龄、入院NIHSS评分增加和白细胞计数升高相关。     

2015—2020年南通市中小学生食源性疾病特征分析

目的 分析南通市中小学生食源性疾病流行病学特征,为有效防控中小学生食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法 收集2015—2020年南通市哨点医院就诊的中小学生食源性疾病病例信息,并采集病例粪便标本进行病原体检测,运用χ²检验比较不同学段中小学生食源性疾病病例的分布。结果 共监测中小学生食源性疾病病例1 432例。不同可疑暴露食品的分类和进食场所的病例数有统计学差异（χ²= 73.421;χ² = 66.857,P均＜0.001）,可疑暴露食品主要为肉与肉制品（28.21%）和水产动物及其制品（17.86%）,可疑进食场所主要为家庭（57.60%）和学校食堂（12.69%）。疑似食源性疾病暴发事件主要发生在学校食堂。共采集标本214份,检出病原体22份,总体检出率为10.28%,阳性病原体以诺如病毒（3.74%）和副溶血性弧菌（3.27%）为主。结论 需面向家庭、学校和学生开展有针对性的食品安全知识宣传,加强中小学生食源性疾病的重点食品和场所的食品安全监测和监管,最大限度地减少中小学生食源性疾病的发生。