细节护理对非小细胞肺癌所致药物性皮疹的护理体会

目的探讨对非小细胞肺癌患者所致药物皮疹应用细节护理的临床效果。方法取2015年3月—2016年3月我院肿瘤科收治的分子靶向药物所致的药物性皮疹患者60例,随机分为对照组30例,采用常规护理方法,试验组30例,在对照组的基础上采用细节护理方法,观察两组患者的皮疹严重程度和感染发生率。结果试验组优于对照组,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论对分子靶向药物所致的药物性皮疹患者应用细节护理,可以减轻患者皮疹反应,降低患者感染率,值得推广应用。     

非小细胞肺癌患者的新选择—厄洛替尼（特罗凯）

目的：综述了厄洛替尼的靶向作用、药动学、临床研究及不良反应皮疹与疗效的关系。方法：通过查阅国内外文献总结了厄洛替尼的单药试验及合并用药试验，并对研究结果进行分析。结果：单药试验表明厄洛替尼能够显著延长患者的生存期并提高生存质量：合并用药试验未发现显著性优势。其不良反应皮疹的发生及程度与患者的生存期及疾病缓解率存在显著性关系。结论：厄洛替尼能够显著延长晚期或转移型非小细胞肺癌患者的生存期，其不良反应皮疹与疗效的相关性仍需进一步研究。     

Allergic Rash Due to Antiepileptic Drugs: Clinical Features and Management

Optimal management of allergic rash from antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is unclear. We identified 50 patients with 68 reactions (36 to one AED, 10 to two AEDs, and four to three AEDs). The AEDs implicated were carbamazepine, 30; phenobarbital (PB), 20; phenytoin, 16; ethosuximide, one; and AED combination, one. Sixty-three reactions were cutaneous eruptions, three exfoliative dermatitis, and two Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Forty-six reactions were mild (rash only), 18 moderate (systemic symptoms or other organ system involvement), and four life-threatening (all with PB). In most patients with greater than 1 reaction, the second and third reactions were not more severe than the first. Prior antibiotic allergies or nonmedication allergies were no more common than in a control group without reactions. The AED was ceased abruptly in 59 patients (22 of whom did not receive a new AED), tapered in five, and continued unchanged in four. Despite this, there was no status epilepticus (SE) during the reaction or its treatment, and no patient's seizure control deteriorated. In 40 cases, a new AED was added--16 after the reaction had resolved and 24 before total resolution. Rash recurred with the new AED in 50 and 42% respectively (NS). We conclude that, though allergic rashes to AEDs are usually mild, the rare occurrence of severe reactions indicates that the AED should be ceased. This can be done abruptly with minimal risk of SE. A new AED can be added, if necessary, prior to the resolution of the rash without increasing the risk of further reactions.     

Subacute cutaneous lupus-erythematosus in childhood

Summary Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) has been described in adults in the last decade and represents a particular homogenous subgroup in which the skin lesions can be distinguished from scarring discoid lupus lesions both on a morphologic and histopathologic basis. This entity, however, seems to be very uncommon in childhood. In the present study we describe the clinical, immunological and histopathologic characteristics of a young girl who, at the age of 3, developed SCLE.     

2009—2010年天津滨海新区(塘沽)发热伴出疹性疾病监测分析

目的探讨天津市塘沽地区发热伴出疹症性疾病(RFIs)病原谱构成。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对2009年9月—2010年5月塘沽传染病医院就诊的发热伴出疹性疾病患者急性期血清标本进行麻疹、风疹和水痘IgM抗体检测,咽拭标本采用RT-PCR方法分离病毒。结果 243份血清标本中麻疹IgM抗体阳性检出率为51.44%,风疹IgM抗体阳性检出率为5.76%,水痘IgM阳性检出率为4.12%,三者全部阴性者占38.27%。236份咽试标本中麻疹病毒核糖核酸(RNA)阳性62份,风疹病毒RNA阳性27份。塘沽地区RFIs病例主要为20岁以上成人发病,占总病例的87.65%。麻疹IgM抗体阳性病例中,无免疫史和不详者占92.80%,风疹和水痘IgM抗体阳性病例均无免疫史。结论目前,塘沽地区发热出疹性疾病以麻疹为主,发病以大年龄组人群为主,同时具有一定的风疹和水痘病例,积极推行疫苗接种是控制麻疹、风疹和水痘发病的主要策略。     

30013例悦安欣苦碟子注射液安全性医院集中监测

目的:获得悦安欣苦碟子注射液不良反应(ADR)发生率、发生特征和影响因素。方法:多中心、大样本、前瞻性医院集中监测方法,对使用悦安欣苦碟子注射液的住院患者进行监测。结果:在全国20家监测医院完成监测病例30013例。首例入组时间为2012年10月,末例结束监测为2015年8月,共发生ADR/ADE 50例,经过三级判定方法,判定ADR 43例,发生率为1.43‰,属于偶见不良反应(发生率1‰~1%)。其中新的ADR1例,表现为结膜出血;一般ADR共42例,不良反应表现为皮肤瘙痒、皮疹、头痛为主,累及全身8个不同系统损伤;无严重ADR。ADR多发生在用药当天30 min内,不良反应影响因素分析提示:年龄段为65以上,有过敏史,高浓度,有合并用药时应重点关注不良反应的发生。结论:安全性医院集中监测是获得中药注射剂不良反应发生率的有效途径,悦安欣苦碟子注射液的安全性良好。     

Characterisation and management of dermatologic adverse events to agents targeting the PD-1 receptor

BackgroundDermatologic adverse events (AEs) are some of the most frequently observed toxicities of immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy, but they have received little attention. The drugs, pembrolizumab and nivolumab are recently approved inhibitors of the programmed death (PD)-1 receptor that have overlapping AE profiles however, the incidence, relative risk (RR), and clinico-morphological pattern of the associated dermatologic AEs are not known.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature, and performed a meta-analysis of dermatologic AEs observed with the use of pembrolizumab and nivolumab in cancer patients. An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed, and Web of Science, and on the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology meeting abstracts' libraries for potentially relevant oncology trials, that employed the drugs at Food and Drug Administration-approved doses and reported dermatologic AEs. The incidence, RR and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using either random- or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of included studies. The clinical presentation, histology of affected skin areas, and management strategies (based on institutional experience), are also presented.ResultsRash, pruritus and vitiligo were found to be the most frequently reported dermatologic AEs. The calculated incidence of all-grade rash with pembrolizumab and nivolumab was 16.7% (RR = 2.6) and 14.3% (RR = 2.5), respectively. Other significant all-grade AEs included pruritus (pembrolizumab: incidence, 20.2% [RR = 49.9]; nivolumab: incidence, 13.2% [RR = 34.5]) and vitiligo (pembrolizumab: incidence, 8.3% [RR = 17.5]; nivolumab: 7.5% [RR = 14.6]). Interestingly, all the vitiligo events were reported in trials investigating melanoma. The RR for developing dermatologic AEs in general, was 2.95 with pembrolizumab, and 2.3 with nivolumab.ConclusionWe found that pembrolizumab and nivolumab are both associated with dermatologic AEs, primarily low-grade rash, pruritus, and vitiligo, which are reminiscent of those seen with ipilimumab. Knowledge of these findings is critical for optimal care, maintaining dose intensity, and health-related quality of life in cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors.