经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

腹腔镜下早期宫颈癌患者根治术后盆腔功能及性功能状况分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下早期宫颈癌患者根治术后对患者盆腔功能及性功能的影响。方法选取2015年12月至2016年11月海南医学院第二附属医院妇科诊治的92例宫颈癌患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法将其平均分为观察组和对照组,每组46例患者。观察组患者给予腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组患者给予传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者治疗后相关手术指标变化情况、并发症发生率、性功能、盆腔功能改善情况以及满意度情况。结果两组患者的手术时间、淋巴结清扫数比较,其差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量、术后盆腔引流量(312.02±21.56ml、126.78±12.56ml)均低于对照组患者(332.78±22.58ml、220.15±32.02ml),其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者的术后下床活动时间[(42.13±6.02)h]短于对照组患者[(56.12±6.68)h],其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的术后住院时间、术后肛门排气时间[(9.56±2.60)d、(28.12±3.29h)]均短于对照组患者[(12.12±3.78)d、(36.12±5.02)h],其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后观察组患者并发症总发生率(13.0%)低于对照组患者(37.1%),其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的性欲、性唤起、性心理、射精时间和性行为异常症状评分情况均明显优于对照组患者,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组患者的满意率(91.3%)高于对照组患者(76.1%),其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的阴道静息压(Vaginal resting pressure,VRP)、阴道收缩压(Vaginal systolic pressure,VSP)均有所提高,观察组患者高于对照组患者,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜手术治疗早期宫颈癌,对患者产生的创伤小,患者术后恢复快,降低了患者并发症发生率,改善了患者的性功能和盆腔功能,取得了显著的临床效果。     

知信行教育在老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后的应用

[目的]探讨知信行教育模式下老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中的应用。[方法] 2018年4月～2019年6月收治的116例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各58例。对照组实施常规健康教育,试验组在常规健康教育基础上,运用知信行教育模式开展术后康复与护理,比较两组患者在健康教育知识、信念、行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分。[结果]试验组通过将知信行教育模式应用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中,在健康教育相关知识、信念行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后知信行教育模式的应用,能够提高老年患者的康复知识、信念、行为,改善患者的日常生活自理能力和髋关节功能,对患者的预后有积极的作用。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术治疗肥胖合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病的疗效分析

目的分析腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG)治疗肥胖合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)病人的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年8月至2018年12月在武汉大学中南医院肝胆胰外科收治的行LSG的60例肥胖合并NAFLD病人的临床资料,术后随访3～6个月,评估术后体重、糖脂代谢、肝功能指标的变化,并采用无创性肝脏瞬时弹性超声(FibroTouch)测定肝脏的硬度值(liver stiffness measure,LSM)和脂肪受控衰减参数(fat controlled attenuation parameter,CAP)。聚焦分析手术对胰岛素抵抗、肝脏脂肪含量和肝纤维化情况的影响。结果术前的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与LSM和CAP呈显著正相关(P0.05),无创性肝纤维化指标与LSM和CAP呈显著正相关(P0.05),胰岛素抵抗模型与CAP呈显著正相关(P0.05)。术后平均随访4个月(3.13～5.97个月):多余体重减少百分比为(73.2±12.6)%;BMI、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油均显著降低(P0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加(P0.05)。转氨酶、胰岛素抵抗模型、无创性肝纤维化指标、LSM和CAP显著降低(P0.05)。术前51.6%的病人进展期肝纤维化(F3以上),术后降为21.4%。术前所有病人均有脂肪肝,轻、中、重度脂肪肝分别占1.7%、8.3%、90.0%,术后25.0%病人恢复正常,轻、中、重度脂肪肝占比为14.3%、25.0%、35.7%。结论 LSG可有效治疗肥胖合并NAFLD,近期效果显著。