加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床效果

目的：探讨加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）的临床效果。方法：选取2016年8月至2018年8月重庆市人民医院收治的ROU患者124例作为研究对象，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组62例。对照组口服维生素B12治疗，观察组在此基础上内服加味甘草干姜汤治疗，疗程均为14 d。比较2组疗效及安全性。结果：观察组总有效率达96.8%（60/62），显著高于对照组85.5%（53/62），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较，2组治疗后疼痛指数、溃疡面积和平均溃疡期均显著改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD3+、CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值及唾液中链球菌、韦荣菌数量均显著上升，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD8+水平均显著下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组比对照组对以上指标的改善更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组均未见明显不良反应。随访6个月，观察组复发率为11.3%（7/62），较对照组的25.8%（16/62）显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗ROU的整体疗效确切，可能与其显著纠正外周血T淋巴细胞亚群免疫失衡、维持口腔微环境稳态有关。     

Frequency and Correlation of Common Genes Copy Number Alterations in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Prognosis

Objective: It was shown by genomic profiling that despite no detectable chromosomal abnormalities a proportion of children with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia harbors copy number alterations (CNA) of genes playing role in B-cell development and function. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of CNA in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and correlate these findings with clinical outcome. Methods: DNA extracted from peripheral blood or bone marrow at diagnosis/relapse of fifty newly diagnosed children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was analyzed for CNA with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results: The analysis revealed 76 CNA in 24 patients most frequently found in PAR1 (17%), CDKN2A/B (15.7%) and PAX5 (14.4%) genes. There were significant CNA co-occurrences between PAX5, CDKN2A/B, BTG1, ETV6, PAR1 or XP22 genes, (p <0.020) and the high-risk group. There was a significant correlation between EBF1, RB1, and IKZF1 alterations and bone marrow relapse. Patients with CNA in screened genes are more likely to succumb to their disease except for those with PAR1 or XP22 genes (p <0.050). Conclusion: The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification could be considered as an independent diagnostic tool allowing prompt identification of patients at high risk of treatment failure and, subsequently, a more adequate treatment approach.     

基于HPLC指纹图谱、多指标成分含量测定及化学计量学的湿热痹片质量评价

目的 建立指纹图谱和多指标定量与化学计量学相结合的湿热痹片质量评价方法。方法 采用Waters Symmetry C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），柱温30℃；检测波长分别为303 nm（检测桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M）和270 nm（检测连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素）；流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液，梯度洗脱，体积流量1.0 mL/min。利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012.130723版）建立湿热痹片的HPLC指纹图谱，确定共有峰并进行相似度评价；并对桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素的含量测定方法进行方法学验证；基于指纹图谱共有峰峰面积测定结果，采用聚类分析和主成分分析等化学计量学方法对不同批次的湿热痹片进行质量评价。结果 湿热痹片HPLC指纹图谱确认了16个共有峰，指认9个共有峰，10批湿热痹片样品相似度均大于0.95，相似度良好；9种成分在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r² ≥ 0.999 1），平均加样回收率分别为98.87%、97.44%、97.94%、98.39%、100.13%、99.06%、96.80%、98.44%、99.15%，RSD分别为1.42%、1.17%、1.30%、0.91%、0.86%、1.23%、1.08%、1.37%、0.79%；10批次样品中桑皮苷A、桑皮苷F、桑辛素M、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯II、苍术素的质量浓度分别在0.192~0.289、0.057~0.095、0.113~0.158、0.309~0.375、1.537~1.916、0.478~0.596、0.049~0.072、0.279~0.354、0.629~0.759 mg/g。10批湿热痹片聚为2类；主成分1~6是影响湿热痹片质量评价的主要因子。结论 所建立的方法操作便捷、结果准确、重复性好，可用于湿热痹片的质量控制和评价。     

深圳地区HBV核酸检测反应性献血者两种归队模式风险评估研究

目的评估HBV核酸检测反应性献血者归队风险,为采供血机构制定献血者归队策略提供依据。方法对ELISA双试剂无反应性、HBV核酸检测反应性献血者进行跟踪检测。每次间隔3个月以上,两次直接静脉采样。归队后再跟踪两次以上献血检测结果。两家血站分别按无门槛自愿原则与增加献血10次以上要求进行采样,并对两种模式归队结果进行比对。结果无门槛自愿归队模式归队前检测3例酶免检测阴转阳(15.79%);增加献血次数门槛归队模式归队成功率88.46%;两种归队模式成功归队后再次出现不合格情况分别为20.00%、13.04%,统计无差异,但归队后人均年献血次数有较大差别。结论酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽献血者无门槛归队模式存在窗口期感染风险。建议将多次献血或固定献血、首次出现酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽的献血者列入归队目标人群。仅以HBsAg+HBV DNA作为HBV核酸检测反应性献血者的归队评价指标存在较大风险,应考虑增加化学发光法等补充试验。     

Alcohol,tobacco and coffee consumption and liver disease severity among individuals with Chronic Hepatitis B infection in North America

Introduction and objectivesThe prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and coffee use and association with liver health among North Americans with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection has not been well described.Materials and methodsThe Hepatitis B Research Network includes an observational study of untreated CHB adults enrolled at 21 sites in the United States and Canada. Alcohol use was categorized as none, moderate, and at-risk based on the definition from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; tobacco use as never, current and former; coffee use as none, 1–2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day. Linear regression and linear mixed models were used to associate lifestyle behaviors with ALT and FIB-4 values.Results1330 participants met eligibility: 53% males, 71% Asian and the median age was 42 years (IQR: 34–52). Median ALT was 33 U/L (IQR: 22–50), 37% had HBV DNA <10³ IU/mL, 71% were HBeAg negative, and 65% had a FIB-4 <1.45. At baseline, 8% of participants were at-risk alcohol drinkers, 11% were current smokers and 92% drank <3 cups of coffee/day. Current tobacco and ‘at-risk’ alcohol use, were significantly associated with elevated ALT levels in univariable analyses, however, these associations were not statistically significant when controlling for sociodemographic and HBV characteristics.ConclusionsIn this large diverse cohort of untreated CHB participants, at-risk alcohol use, current tobacco use and limited coffee consumption did not have an association with high ALT and FIB-4 values. In contrast, significant associations were found between the frequency of these lifestyle behaviors and sociodemographic factors.     

黄芪甲苷调节PI3K/Akt/FoxO1通路抑制糖尿病大鼠肝糖异生

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肝损伤保护潜在机制及肝组织磷酯酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/叉头框转录因子1(FoxO1),磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(PEPCK)和葡萄糖6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)蛋白表达的影响。方法:6周高糖高脂饮食后,链脲佐菌素(STZ)一次性腹腔注射(0.035 g·kg^-1)建立T2DM大鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量组及二甲双胍组。黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量组灌胃黄芪甲苷0.02,0.04,0.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1,二甲双胍组灌胃二甲双胍0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1;给药8周后,于末次灌胃24 h禁食不禁水后处死,测血清肝生化指标,肝脏指数等;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏组织病理形态学变化;马松(Masson)染色观察纤维化程度;过碘酸希夫(PAS)染色反应观察细胞内糖原等变化;免疫组化及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组肝中PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号蛋白及PEPCK,G6Pase蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组肝脏指数显著升高(P<0.01),肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG)的含量显著升高(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著降低(P<0.01),大鼠体质量显著减轻(P<0.01),PI3K/Akt/Fox O1信号减弱(P<0.01),PEPCK,G6Pase蛋白表达水平显著增强(P<0.01);与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷中、高剂量组及二甲双胍组肝功能指标ALT,AST,TC,TG的含量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),大鼠体质量明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),肝组织Fox O1,PEPCK及G6Pase蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),Fox O1的磷酸化水平明显增强(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:黄芪甲苷可能通过调节PI3K/Akt/Fox O1信号通路抑制高脂高糖加小剂量STZ诱导T2DM肝糖异生,从而起到延缓T2DM大鼠肝脏损伤作用。     

A multicenter,open‐label,phase II study of tirabrutinib (ONO/GS‐4059) in patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

Tirabrutinib is a second‐generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor with greater selectivity than ibrutinib. Here, we conducted a multicenter, phase II study of tirabrutinib in patients with treatment‐naïve (Cohort A) or with relapsed/refractory (Cohort B) Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). Patients were treated with tirabrutinib 480 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was major response rate (MRR; ≥ partial response). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR; ≥ minor response), time to major response (TTMR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. In total, 27 patients (18 in Cohort A; 9 in Cohort B) were enrolled. The median age was 71 y, and the median serum immunoglobulin M level was 3600 mg/dL. Among the patients, 96.2% had the MYD88^L265P mutation. MRR and ORR were 88.9% and 96.3%, respectively (Cohort A: MRR, 88.9%; ORR, 94.4%; Cohort B: MRR, 88.9%; ORR, 100%). Median TTMR was 1.87 mo. PFS and OS were not reached with a median follow‐up of 6.5 and 8.3 mo for Cohorts A and B, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) were rash (44.4%), neutropenia (25.9%), and leukopenia (22.2%), with most AEs classified as grade 1 or 2. Grade ≥ 3 AEs included neutropenia (11.1%), lymphopenia (11.1%), and leukopenia (7.4%). No grade 5 AEs were noted. All bleeding events were grade 1; none were associated with drug‐related atrial fibrillation or hypertension. Although the follow‐up duration was relatively short, the study met the primary endpoint. Therefore, tirabrutinib monotherapy is considered to be highly effective for both untreated and relapsed/refractory WM with a manageable safety profile. (JapicCTI‐173646).     

地黄饮子加减方对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经元损伤的影响

目的:观察地黄饮子加减方对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经元的影响。方法:将84只SD雄性大鼠,按随机原则选出12只大鼠作为假手术组,其余72只大鼠采用两血管阻断法制备血管性痴呆模型,筛选60只模型大鼠,每组12只,随机分为模型组,尼莫地平组(0. 011 g·kg~(-1)),地黄饮子加减方高、中、低(4. 54,2. 27,1. 14 g·kg~(-1))剂量组。连续灌胃30 d后,Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,苏木素-伊红(HE)观察海马CA1区神经元形态结构改变,透射电镜观察海马CA1区神经元超微结构变化,原位细胞凋亡检测法(TUNEL)检测海马CA1区细胞凋亡水平,免疫组化(IHC)检测海马CA1区组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K),蛋白激酶B(Akt),半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)表达水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期显著延长,穿越原平台次数显著减少(P 0. 01),海马CA1区神经元形态均有不同程度地损伤,凋亡率显著增加(P 0. 01),PI3K,Akt的积分吸光度和平均积分吸光度明显降低(P 0. 01),Caspase-3的积分吸光度和平均积分吸光度显著增高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),穿越原平台次数增加(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),PI3K,Akt的积分吸光度和平均积分吸光度值显著增高(P 0. 01),Caspase-3的积分光密度和平均积分吸光度不同程度降低(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论:地黄饮子加减方可改善血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力和海马CA1区神经元损伤,潜在机制可能与PI3K/Akt信号转导途径的激活,抑制大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞的凋亡有关。