Expression of genes related to muscle plasticity after strength and power training regimens

The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of 8‐week progressive strength and power training regimens on strength gains and muscle plasticity [muscle fiber hypertrophy and phenotype shift, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR), rapamycin‐insensitive companion of m‐TOR (RICTOR), calcineurin and calcipressin gene expression]. Twenty‐nine physically active subjects were divided into three groups: strength training (ST), power training (PT) and control (C). Squat 1 RM and muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period. Strength increased similarly for both ST and PT groups (P<0.001). Fiber types I, IIa and IIb presented hypertrophy main time effect (P<0.05). Only type IIb percentage decreased from pre‐ to post‐test (main time effect, P<0.05). mTOR and RICTOR mRNA expression increased similarly from pre‐ to post‐test (P<0.01). RAPTOR increased after training for both groups (P<0.0001), but to a greater extent in the ST (P<0.001) than in the PT group. 4EBP‐1 decreased after training when the ST and PT groups were pooled (P<0.05). Calcineurin levels did not change after training, while calcipressin increased similarly from pre‐ to post‐test (P<0.01). In conclusion, our data indicate that these training regimens produce similar performance improvements; however, there was a trend toward greater hypertrophy‐related gene expression and muscle fiber hypertrophy in the ST group.     

Cancer metabolism: The Warburg effect today

One of the first studies on the energy metabolism of a tumour was carried out, in 1922, in the laboratory of Otto Warburg. He established that cancer cells exhibited a specific metabolic pattern, characterized by a shift from respiration to fermentation, which has been later named the Warburg effect. Considerable work has been done since then, deepening our understanding of the process, with consequences for diagnosis and therapy. This review presents facts and perspectives on the Warburg effect for the 21st century.     

Comments on the “No-Prop” algorithm

This letter points out that the main ideas and conclusions of the “The No-Prop algorithm” paper which has recently appeared in this journal were proposed earlier by G.-B. Huang et al. 10 years ago and intensively discussed and applied by other authors in the past 10 years.     

Association Notes

Neurologic evaluation during the first year of life serves to separate infants into normal and abnormal groups and to identify those who should be carefully watched. The evaluation must reflect physical findings as well as neurologic status, and emphasize the patterned and stereotyped responses characteristic of certain periods of infancy.     

BP素对中晚期肺癌、胃癌及肝癌的疗效观察

目的：观察免疫核糖核酸II（BP素）对中晚期肺癌，胃癌及肝癌患者近期疗效及生活质量的影响。方法根据患者能力及要求分别为单纯化疗组，单纯BP组，BP素联合化疗组，分析治疗疗效，并通过Karnofsky评分了解患者生活质量。结果三种中晚期癌症患者中单纯化疗组与单纯应用BP素组无显著性差异P＞0.05。而BP素联合化疗组稳定率明显高于化疗组及BP素组，以肺癌，胃癌为主，分别具有统计学意义P＜0.05。三种中晚期癌应用BP素及BP素联合化疗组的生活质量分别明显高于化疗组P＜0.05。结论 BP素是一种高效，低毒的生物调节剂，具有抑制肿瘤细胞，增强化疗疗效，减少副反应提高生存质量的作用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中CO2气腹压力变化对心率(律)、血压、心电图的影响

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中,CO2气腹压力值不同,对不同年龄组患者心率(律)、血压、心电图的影响,探讨其合适的压力值及措施。方法对68例LC病人分40岁以下、41~60岁、61岁以上三组分别监测麻醉平稳后气腹前,腹压<8mmHg、10~12 mmHg及14 mmHg四个值段时病人心率、血压、心电图情况。结果CO2气腹开始至腹压8mmHg,各指标变化率最高,腹压值在10~12mmHg时最低,且年龄越高变化越明显,尤其对60岁以上高龄或合并心、肺等疾病的患者,更应高度重视。结论LC术中实施CO2气腹,对病人循环功能会产生一定程度影响,并与初始阶段进气速度和腹压值及年龄呈正相关性。加强术中监测,选择合适的初始进气速度和腹压值是十分必要的。     

The independency of the Bereitschaftspotential from previous stimulus‐locked P3 in visuomotor response tasks

The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and the P3 are well‐known ERPs usually observed during self‐paced and externally triggered tasks. Recently, the BP was also detected in externally triggered tasks before stimulus onset. However, doubts have been raised about the authenticity of the BP in these tasks due to possible overlaps with the previous trial P3 (hereinafter s‐1 P3). Here, we aim to test the authenticity of the BP in externally triggered tasks by comparing ERPs obtained during two visuomotor response tasks with different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) allowing (short‐ISI; 1,000–2,000 ms) or not (long‐ISI; 2,000–4,000 ms) P3‐BP overlaps. In line with previous research, we hypothesize that BP and the s‐1 P3 contribute independently to the scalp‐detected activities during these tasks. ERPs were recorded from 14 healthy participants during the short‐ISI and long‐ISI visuomotor response tasks. Amplitudes and latencies of pre‐ (BP and pN) and poststimulus ERP components (P1, pN1, pP1, N1, pP2, dpP2, N2, P3) were compared between conditions. No effect of ISI was found on the amplitude of any pre‐ and poststimulus components. In contrast, longer ISI is associated with earlier onsets of the BP and pN components. In visuomotor response tasks, the BP is independent from the P3 elicited by the previous trial (s‐1 P3), even using relatively short ISI. Since the different ISIs did not affect the amplitude of the BP and the P3 components, we conclude that also a short ISI can be adopted safely and conveniently to keep a reasonable duration of the overall experiment.     

BP1基因在成人急性白血病中的表达

目的　研究 β蛋白 1(BP1)基因在成人急性白血病中的表达并分析与急性白血病的关系。方法　用RT PCR方法分别检测 70例急性白血病患者、10名健康对照者及HEL细胞系中BP1基因的表达。结果　在正常人外周血、骨髓和完全缓解的患者骨髓中均没有检测到BP1基因的表达 ;在急性髓系白血病 (AML)中BP1表达阳性率为 5 7% (35例中 2 0例 ) ,在AML M5中阳性率高达 80 % (10例中 8例 ) ;在急性淋巴细胞白血病中无表达。结论　BP1与AML有一定的相关性 ,可作为AML的一种分子标志。