静脉性脑梗死

静脉性脑梗死（cerebral venous infarction,CVI）是指静脉性因素导致脑组织缺血、缺氧而发生坏死、出血、软化。形成梗死灶的一类疾病。CVI的病因复杂,临床表现多样且无特异性,既往对该病的诊断非常困难,预后不佳。随着对脑静脉系统功能认识的逐步提高及先进诊断技术的应用,该病的重要性愈来愈引起研究人员的重视。     

视神经部分损伤后视网膜基质细胞衍生因子-1α表达的变化

目的 研究大鼠视神经部分损伤后视网膜基质细胞衍生因子-1α(SDF-1α)的表达变化.方法 制作大鼠视神经部分损伤模型,于损伤后1、2、3、5、7、10、14 d收集视网膜组织,采用酶联免疫吸附法和实时荧光定量PCR分别测定损伤组(n=28)、假手术组(n=28)和正常对照组(n=12)大鼠视网膜组织中的SDF-1α蛋白及mRNA的表达.结果 视神经损伤后各时间点,损伤组视网膜组织中SDF-1α蛋白和mRNA的表达较假手术组及正常对照组均明显升高(P<0.01),均在损伤后第5天出现峰值.伤后14 d,损伤组视网膜组织中SDF-1α蛋白及mRNA仍维持在高表达状态.结论 视神经部分损伤后SDF-1α在视网膜中的表达出现上调,并可在较长时间内维持高表达.     

Wnt3a影响大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖的体外研究

目的:探讨Wnt3a对胚胎大鼠海马神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)体外增殖的影响。方法:采用机械分离、无血清传代培养法,从胎鼠海马中获得NSCs,使用免疫荧光法对NSCs及其分化情况进行鉴定。将NSCs与5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brdu)共孵育,观察Wnt3a对NSCs体外增殖情况的影响。结果:海马源胚胎NSCs具有增殖能力,可以传代培养,可分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞。与Brdu共孵育后,添加Wnt3a的实验组Brdu阳性率高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:使用机械分离、无血清培养的方法获得的NSCs具有增殖和多向分化能力,Wnt3a可以促进大鼠海马NSCs的体外增殖。     

PirB/ROCK信号通路与成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统再生

正成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统(central nervoussystem,CNS)损伤可引起不同程度的功能障碍,修复损伤的神经功能对恢复正常的工作、生活具有重要的意义。纠正CNS再生的不利因素是实现有效修复受损神经结构和功能的研究热点之一。髓磷脂是抑制CNS再生的重要因素,而配对免疫球蛋白样受体B(paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B,Pir B)和Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(Rho-associatedcoiled-coil kinase,ROCK)是其中的关键因子。本文     

基质细胞衍生因子-1诱导神经干细胞靶向性迁移的实验研究

Objective To investigate the effect ofstromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on the regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs) migration.Methods NSCs were obtained from the cerebral cortex of embryonic rats and cultured in serum-free medium,and their stem cell properties were assessed by means of induced differentiation in vitro into neurons and astrocytes.After in vitro cell culture,the purity of NSCs and the co-expression rate of CXCR4/nestin were detected by flow cytometry.Blind-well chambers were employed to detect the chemotactic effects of SDF-1 by counting the cells which had crossed a 8 μm pore membrane when confronted with varying concentrations of SDF-1 (0,1,10,50,100,500 and 1000 ng/mL),and the distribution of cells migrated out of the same neurosphere was overviewed by μ-slides in the persistent concentration gradient of SDF-1.Results Neurospheres were formed by persistent proliferation of NSCs, which were capable of differentiating into neurons (β-tubulin+) and astrocytes (GFAP+) in media without mitogens,and flow cytometry analyses showed that most of the cultured cells expressed nestin and the co-expression rate of CXCR4/nestin was nearly 80%.SDF-1 showed great chemotaxis to NSCs,and the amount of cells having migrated through the membrane in 500 ng/ml SDF-1 group was higher than that in other groups (P<0.05).When the cells were confronted with a linear concentration gradient (from 500 to 0 ng/mL),which was generated by diffusion and stable for at least 48 h,the cells migrated out ofa neruosphere could distribute irregularly with more cells locating in the region of higher concentration of SDF-1 and longer migration distance away from the center of the neurosphere than the opposite.Conclusion SDF-1 binding to its specific receptor CXCR4 was capable of inducing NSCs migrating directionally to the source of SDF-1.     

基质细胞衍生因子-1对神经干细胞的趋化作用

Objective To investigate the effect of stromal cell derived factor-1 ( SDF-1) on the regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs) migration. Methods NSCs were obtained from the cerebral cortex of embryonic GFP transgenic rats. After cell cultured in vitro, CXCR4, specific receptor of SDF-1, was detected by fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Using Blind-Well chambers, the chemotactic effects of SDF-1 was investigated by counting the cells which had crossed 8μm pore membrane and adhered to the superficies inferia of the membrane when confronted with varying concentrations of SDF-1α (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/L) and the agonist or antagonist of CXCR4. Results Neurospheres were formed, which expressed GFP and were capable of differentiating into neurons (β-tubulin + ) and astrocytes (GFAP + ) in media without mitogens. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry showed that CXCR4 and Nestin were co-expressed in NSCs. SDF-1 showed great chemotaxis to NSCs, and the amount of cells migrating through the membrane in 500 μg/L SDF-1 group was more than that in other groups (P < 0. 05). The number of cells crossing the membrane could be augmented and diminished by the agonist and antagonist of CXCR4 respectively. Conclusion SDF-1 binding to its specific receptor CXCR4 was capable of inducing NSCs migrating directionally to the source of SDF-1.     

移植时间对大鼠视神经损伤后神经干细胞迁移的影响

目的探讨移植时间对大鼠视神经损伤后神经干细胞(NSCs)在视网膜内迁移的影响。方法 18只SD大鼠行右侧视神经损伤后按随机数字表法随机平均分为3组,并分别于损伤后当天及伤后7d和14d采用微量注射法行右眼视网膜下腔移植2μl(105个/μl)转染绿色荧光蛋白基因的NSCs(GFP-NSCs)。4周后处死大鼠,取右眼球做冰冻切片,对迁移到视网膜内的移植细胞进行计数。各组切片分别用胸腺细胞表面糖蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、β微管蛋白、视紫红质抗体进行免疫标记,观察各组移植细胞在视网膜上的分化情况。结果损伤当天及伤后7和14d移植组视网膜上的GFP阳性细胞数分别为(163441.14±16876.81)个、(145736.57±27449.07)个和(117291.33±15849.19)个,两两相较,均差异显著(P<0.01)。三组的移植细胞均可在宿主视网膜内存活、迁移,且可分化为神经胶质细胞、神经元和视网膜神经节样细胞。结论大鼠视神经损伤后随着移植时间的推迟,迁移到宿主视网膜内的移植细胞量下降。     

颅内压监测在老年颅脑损伤治疗中的疗效观察

目的 探讨颅内压(intracranial pressure, ICP)监测在老年颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)治疗中的意义。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年12月行开颅手术治疗的80例老年TBI的临床资料,采用ICP监测者为观察组,未采用ICP监测者为对照组,每组40例。对照组根据临床经验使用甘露醇等药物进行降ICP治疗;观察组根据ICP监测结果采取降ICP有效措施。结果 术后3个月,观察组预后良好率(72.5%, 29/40;格拉斯哥预后评分量表(GOS)评分4~5分)高于对照组(37.5%, 15/40;P<0.05)。观察组术后再出血、肾功能不全、电解质紊乱及肺部感染等并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 老年患者TBI术后持续ICP监测有助于临床及时采取针对性降ICP措施,减少并发症,改善患者预后。