强化式心理干预联合技巧性语言沟通对康复期精神分裂症患者认知、沟通及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨强化式心理护理联合技巧性语言沟通对康复期精神分裂症(SP)患者认知、沟通及生活质量的影响.方法:根据不同护理方式将90例SP患者分为干预组(n=48)和常规组(n=42);常规组给予常规护理干预,干预组在其基础上给予强化式心理护理配合技巧性语言沟通,两组均干预3个月.干预前、干预3个月后,采用MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)、SP患者生命质量量表(SQLS)、沟通与互动技巧量表(ACIS)、焦虑/抑郁自评量表(SAS/SDS)分别评估患者认知功能、生活质量、沟通与互动技巧、心理状况.结果:干预后,两组患者的认知功能指标评分高于干预前(P<0.05),且除注意警觉、推理与问题解决能力外,其他认知功能指标组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与干预前相比,两组干预后ACIS评分均升高,且干预组高于常规组(P<0.05);两组干预后SAS、SDS和SQLS评分均降低,且干预组低于常规组(P<0.05).结论:强化式心理联合技巧性语言沟通可较好地促进康复期SP患者的认知功能、沟通能力,提高其生活质量,并减轻负面心理.     

低压灌注下经尿道分区等离子剜切治疗高龄高危前列腺增生

目的：探讨低压灌注下经尿道分区等离子剜切治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生（ benign prostatic hyperplasia , BPH）的疗效和安全性。方法2011年6月～2013年6月,对98例高龄高危BPH患者行耻骨上造瘘,冲洗液距病人腹部高度50 cm。膀胱处于半空虚状态,行四区剜切治疗。结果手术时间31～135 min,（54±11） min;切除组织26～82 g,（35．0±4．5）g;术中出血量25～225 ml,（125±22）ml;术后2～4 d拔导尿管。无并发症。术后3个月国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）及残余尿（PVR）均明显改善（P＝0．000）。结论低压灌注下经尿道分区等离子剜切治疗高龄高危BPH疗效确切,手术时间可控,安全性较高,值得推广。     

急性阑尾炎的证治体会

急性阑尾炎是临床上常见病及多发病,目前主要采用手术治疗,但因存在术后创伤、术后并发症等不良反应,中药治疗急性阑尾炎越来越受关注,且中医药治疗急性阑尾炎本身具有丰富的临床经验及理论。笔者经过临床实践认为治疗急性阑尾炎时应分阶段治疗,第一阶以应疏肝理气、泻下攻邪为要,理气应贯穿治疗始终,泻下攻邪应早期、足量、规范;第二阶段调理机体,健脾疏肝使气血平和,以求减少疾病复发。     

基于口尝和电子舌技术探讨味道检测在黑顺片质量评价中的实用价值

目的:通过口尝和电子舌技术,结合胆巴含量,研究味道检测在黑顺片质量评价中的实用价值。方法:通过口尝和电子舌检测饮片味道,利用主成分分析(PCA)和Fisher模型分析市售黑顺片味道差异,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立口尝评价和电子舌传感器数值的关系模型,建立电子舌CTS(咸)传感器与胆巴含量线性回归方程。结果:采集的样品中有84%具有咸涩味,与《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2015年版规定的“味淡”不一致。电子舌技术结合PCA和fisher模型可明显区分“味淡”饮片与其余27批黑顺片。电子舌CTS(咸)传感器响应值(X)与胆巴含量(Y)线性回归方程为Y=-19.013+0.025 X(r=0.9304)。结论:电子舌能够快速准确辨别黑顺片是否符合《中国药典》2015年版“味淡”的要求,由CTS(咸)传感器响应值可推测出对味道影响较大的胆巴的含量,味道检测在黑顺片质量评价中具有实用价值,可以作为中药饮片质量评价的补充。     

微创血肿清除术对脑出血心电图改变的临床观察

急性颅内病变特别是脑血管病可产生继发性心电图改变,心电图的异常随病情改善而好转.作者观察了微创颅内血肿清除术对脑出血心电图的影响,现将结果现报告如下.     

超声心动图评估直接心肌注射骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死的治疗效果

由于心肌细胞属不可再生细胞，梗死心肌局部只能通过纤维瘢痕组织取代，这种心肌重构是造成患者心力衰竭及死亡的主要原因之一。近年来国内外实验及初期临床研究证明将骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSC）植入梗死心肌后，MSC可在病变区分化增殖成血管内皮细胞及有功能的心肌细胞，有效改善了梗死周边的血供及瘢痕形成所致的心室重构，     

Therapeutic observation of warm needling moxibustion plus tuina for knee osteoarthritis due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus tuina in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.

Methods

Forty-eight KOA patients were randomized into 2 groups by their visiting sequence, 24 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling moxibustion plus tuina, while the control group was treated with acupuncture plus tuina. The two groups were both treated once a day, 30 min for each session, 10 d as a treatment course, totally for 3 treatment courses. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKSS) were observed before and after the treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy.

Results

After 3 treatment courses, the VAS and LKSS scores were significantly changed in the two groups (P<0.01), and the between-group differences were also statistically significant (P<0.01). The markedly-effective rate was 83.3% in the treatment group versus 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Warm needling moxibustion plus tuina can produce a more significant efficacy than acupuncture plus tuina in treating KOA due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.

     

Effect of moxibustion stimulation on repair of injured gastric mucosa after common peroneal nerve transection

Objective

To investigate the protective effect of moxibustion in initiating the endogenous protection information on gastric mucosa, and its relationship with the pathway of common peroneal nerve.

Methods

Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (group A), a model group (group B), a moxibustion model group (group C) and a moxibustion model plus surgery group (group D), 12 in each group. Except for group A, rats in the other groups were treated with dehydrated ethanol and aspirin to prepare gastric mucosal damage model. The rats in group B were not treated with any interventions; rats in group C received moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36), twice a day for continuous 3 d. The rats in group D were subjected to preparing the gastric mucosal damage model after the common peroneal nerve transection, followed by moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36). After a 3-day intervention, ulcer index (UI) in each group was observed, and the levels of gastric mucosa-related repair cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were detected.

Results

Compared with group A, the pathological changes and UI of group B were worse (P=0.000), but TNF-α in serum and tissue was changed significantly (P=0.000, P=0.002), IL-4 in serum and tissue was improved significantly (P=0.000, P=0.000). Compared with group B, TNF-α and IL-4 in group C and group D were significantly improved (TNF-α: P=0.003, P=0.016; IL-4: P=0.000, P=0.002). Compared with group C, the changes of UI in group B and group D were poor (both P=0.000); the levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in serum were significantly decreased (TNF-α: P=0.000, P=0.025; IL-4: P=0.000, P=0.034); and tissue HSP70 levels were decreased significantly (P=0.000, P=0.033).

Conclusion

Zusanli (ST 36) can transmit information through the pathway of common peroneal nerve, regulate the release of gastric mucosal protective factors, and up-regulate the expression of cytothesis-related proteins, so as to achieve the effect in repairing gastric mucosa.

     

年龄对卵巢低反应患者辅助生殖技术治疗后活产率的影响及其阈值效应分析

背景卵巢低反应（POR）患者较差的妊娠结局一直是生殖医学领域难题之一,但目前关于年龄对POR患者辅助生殖技术（ART）治疗后活产率的阈值效应的研究少见。目的分析年龄对POR患者ART治疗后活产率的影响及其阈值效应。方法商丘市第一人民医院妇产科和新疆医科大学第一附属医院生殖助孕中心2014年8月至2018年12月共收治接受常规体外授精/卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植（IVF/ICSI）助孕治疗的女性共19 185例,选取其中诊断为POR者共3 337例为研究对象。所有患者采用控制性促排卵方案,同时采用IVF/ICSI进行胚胎移植并给予黄体支持治疗。分析所有患者活产婴儿情况,年龄对POR患者ART治疗后活产婴儿的影响采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,并建立平滑拟合曲线、进行阈值效应分析。结果3 337例POR患者ART治疗后活产婴儿1 134例,未活产婴儿2 203例,活产率为33.98%（1 134/3 337）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄是POR患者ART治疗后活产婴儿的独立影响因素〔OR=0.920,95%CI（0.902,0.939）,P<0.01〕。建立平滑拟合曲线发现,年龄与POR患者ART治疗后活产率呈负相关,但二者之间并非简单的线性关系;阈值效应分析结果显示,POR患者ART治疗后活产率下降的折点为32岁,即年龄≤32岁的POR患者ART治疗后活产率不受年龄影响〔OR=1.000,95%CI（0.998,1.012）,P=0.38〕,但年龄>32岁的POR患者ART治疗后活产率随年龄增长而降低〔OR=0.800,95%CI（0.799,0.823）,P<0.01〕。结论年龄是POR患者ART治疗后活产婴儿的独立影响因素,年龄>32岁的POR患者ART治疗后活产率随年龄增长而降低。     

气垫床翻身间隔时间对ICU压疮高危患者影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价气垫床翻身间隔时间对ICU压疮高危患者的影响,以期为护理人员实施翻身计划提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、OVID、EBSCO、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学数据库等建库至2017年7月公开发表的随机对照研究。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和数据提取等处理后,对符合纳入标准的文献采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献,共1 113例患者。Meta分析结果显示:对于使用气垫床的ICU压疮高危患者,翻身间隔时间4h与2h相比,其压疮发生率并无增加[OR=1.31,95%CI(0.73~2.36),P=0.37],也不会增加皮肤潮湿感[OR=1.17,95%CI(0.50~2.77),P=0.71]和呼吸道相关并发症的发生率[OR=0.83,95%CI(0.54~1.26),P=0.38],但是要警惕压疮前期症状发生的风险。结论使用气垫床的ICU压疮高危患者,将其翻身间隔时间延长至4h,有一定的安全性和可行性。但考虑到上述研究数量和质量有限,以及延长翻身间隔时间不良事件的报道,今后有必要开展更多高质量的随机对照试验予以验证。