龙津对体外血栓形成、凝血及纤维蛋白溶解作用的实验研究

在正常和DIC家兔或大鼠中证明,口服龙津后,体外血栓长度缩短,血栓重量减轻,全血凝块和纤维蛋白凝块溶解加速,KPTT延长,ELT缩短,t-PA活性增强(P<0.05)。以上资料提示龙津有抗凝和溶栓的双重作用。     

有否静脉溶栓的急性心肌梗死63例尸解病理分析

探讨溶栓治疗的并发症。方法急性心肌梗死住院死亡并行尸体解剖６３例,２６例曾给予溶栓治疗,３７例行常规治疗。结果两组性别、年龄、ＣＨＤ的危险因素,梗死次数,心肌酶学、梗死部位及血管狭窄程度均无明显差异。结论ＡＭＩ早期溶栓治疗心脏破 发生率较非溶栓组明显升高。     

Variation in von Willebrand's Factor according to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: physiopathological and clinical implications

To investigate whether von Willebrand's Factor (vWF) changesas a result of the reperfusion strategy during acute myocardialinfarction (AMI), vWF was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5and 15 in 34 patients with AMI. Thrombolysis was initiated in22 patients and followed by a coronary angiogram 90 min later.In 13 patients the infarct-related artery was then patent (THRgroup). In nine patients the infarct-related artery was occludedand rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty wasperformed (group THR+rPTCA). In 12 patients, primary PTCA wascarried out (pPTCA group). Admission values of vWF were similarlyhigh in the three groups, while changes in vWF over the followingdays were statistically different among the groups. No significantchange was observed in THR, whereas a significant and prolongedincrease was found after failed thrombolysis with PTCA (peakincrease at day 5:1·54±;0·04 U. ml^–1).In the pPTCA group, a significant increase could only be foundon day 3 (0·96 ±; 0·04 U. ml^–1).Absence of a statistical rise in vWF might be a late indicatorof successful thrombolysis. The prolonged increase in vWF afterfailed thrombolysis needing rescue PTCA probably reflects ahigher resistance to thrombolysis, While the slight but significantincrease in vWF following primary PTCA could be due to vascularinjury.     

Further elevation of the ST segment during the first hour of thrombolysis: A possible early marker of reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical implications of early electrocardiographicchanges during thrombolysis in a randomized study in patientswith an acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Re-elevation of a rapidly resolving ST segment during thrombolysisis currently interpreted as a sign of re-occlusion, but a furtherelevation at very early stages of lytic therapy may not necessarilyhave the same implications. METHODS: In 214 patients with a first transmural acute myocardial infarctionof 4 h randomized to fibrinolytic (streptokinase group, n: 110)vs non fibrinolytic medical therapy (control group, n: 104),a standard 12 lead ECG was continuously recorded during thefirst 60 min and at 2, 4, 10, 16 and 24 h. Serial enzymes weremeasured during 72 h, and in 156 patients (73%) a coronary angiogramwas performed at 10–15 days. RESULTS: Within the first 20–40 min there was an additional STsegment elevation in 50 patients (45%) from the streptokinasegroup and in 19 from control group (18%) (P<0·0001)but the increment was greater in the streptokinase group (1·2± 1·4 vs 0·3 ± 1·4 mm, P<0·0001).In the streptokinase group, the interval from onset of painto peak creatine kinase MB was shorter in patients with additionalST segment elevation than in those without it (699 ±193 vs 856 ± 299 min, P<0·01). Moreover, in-hospitalmortality tended to be lower in patients whose ST segment waselevated than in those without such elevation (2150, 4%, vs6160, 10%). Incidence of recanalization was high but comparablein these two subsets. In recanalized patients, with or withoutadditional ST segment elevation, the ST segment declined significantlyat 1 h (– 1·0 ± 1·7, P<0·001,vs 0·1 ± 1·5 mm, ns). CONCLUSIONS: Additional ST segment elevation is frequently observed duringthe first hour of intravenous thrombolysis with streptokinase.Its association with a subsequent early decline of ST elevation,reduced mortality, a shorter time interval to peak creatinekinase, and a high rate of late recanalization, suggest thatin some patients it is one of the earliest markers of reperfusion.     

API0134对血小板α颗粒膜蛋白和血小板聚集的影响

２０例急性心肌梗死患者在溶栓后随机分为穿心莲有效成分（ＡＰＩ０１３４,ＡＰＩ）组与对照组,治疗１５ｄ,均同时给予阿司匹林等药物。检测溶栓前后血浆α颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）浓度和ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集反应。结果表明,ＡＰＩ组溶栓后７２ｈ血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度轻度增加,对照组显著性增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＰＩ组ＧＭＰ－１４０在溶栓后７２ｈ和１５ｄ均低于对照组,差异有显著意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡＰＩ组１ｍｉｎ和５ｍｉｎ血小板聚集率均低于对照组,差异均有显著意义（７２ｈ,Ｐ＜０．０５;１５ｄ,Ｐ＜０．０１）。研究表明,ＡＰＩ与阿司匹林联合应用可抑制溶栓后血小板的活化,优于阿司匹林单独应用,因此ＡＰＩ有可能用于临床预防溶栓后的再闭塞。     

Renal vein thrombosis and selective arterial or venous thrombolytic therapy

Summary Background: Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) complicating the nephrotic syndrome is associated with a poor prognosis. Methods/Results: RVT was diagnosed in 12 of 60 patients with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome suggested by computed tomography (CT) and subsequently confirmed by selective renal angiography. Fifty patients carried a diagnosis of primary glomerulonephritis with various pathological findings, and 10 patients had lupus nephritis. Renal vein and peripheral vein blood samples were collected in the 12 patients with RVT and were assayed for fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), antithrombin III (AT III), VIIIR:AG, and fibrinogen. The results suggested a state of hypercoagulation. Of these 12 patients, 7 were given 200,000 units of urokinase (UK) over 60 minutes in divided doses selectively via the renal vein. Five patients were given 200,000 units UK selectively into the renal artery. All patients also received 2.5 mg/day warfarin and 75 mg/day persantine. Except for three patients with focal glomerulosclerosis, all patients received 40 mg/day prednisone. After 1 month, the CT scan and blood samples for FDP, AT III, VIIIR:AG, and fibrinogen were repeated. Patients receiving intra-arterial UK had complete resolution of their thrombi. Complete resolution was also suggested in 2 of the 7 patients receiving UK by renal vein, and there was partial resolution in the other five. The hypercoagulation state decreased in all patients. Conclusions: We conclude that RVT is not an uncommon event in patients with nephrotic syndrome. The diagnosis can be supported reliably using abdominal CT scanning. Although a small number of patients were included in this nonrandomized study, it appeared that intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy yielded better results. The patients with minimal change disease have a good prognosis.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

We have investigated the timescale of increased lipid peroxidationfollowing successful early thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardialinfarction and report for the first time reciprocal changesin plasma chain-breaking antioxidants. Sixty-seven patientswere recruited following a first acute myocardial infarctionwithin 6 h of the onset of symptoms and received 70 or 100 mgof recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Actilyse) as twointravenous bolus injections 30 min apart. Serial blood sampleswere taken before administration of thrombolytic therapy andafter 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 6 h and 24 h. Coronary arterypatency was assessed at 90 min by coronary angiography. Malondialdehyde(MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, and the chain-breakingantioxidants alpha-tocopherol, retinol and ascorbate were measuredby high performance liquid chromatography. When the coronaryartery was patent there was an early rise in plasma MDA (time0.091 ± 0.05 µmol.l^–1) with levels peakingat 90 min (1.02 ± 0.06, P<0.05) and returning to baselineby 6 h (0.85 ± 0.06), accompanied by reciprocal decreasesin alpha-tocopherol (time 0 7.13 ± 0.34 µmol.mmol^–1cholesterol, 90 min 6.64±0.33, P<0.05) and retinol(time 0 1.99±0.10 µmol.l^–1, 90 min 1.81 ±0.08, P<0.05). Ascorbate levels did not change significantlyuntil 24 h (time 0 29.5 ± 4.9 µmol.l^–1, 24h 22.6 ± 4.4, P<0.05). Where the coronary artery wasoccluded no changes in these parameters were found except fora late (24 h) fall in ascorbate (time 0 18.5 ± 2.0 mol.l^–1,24 h 12.2 ± 2.2, P<0.05). The timescale of changesin MDA and antioxidants supports a role for increased free radicalproduction following successful early thrombolytic therapy foracute myocardial infarction.     

Acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries. In vivo demonstration of coronary thrombosis during the acute episode

Two cases with acute myocardial infarction are presented. Both had thrombotic occlusion of the infarct-related artery. Following successful thrombolysis with streptokinase, coronary angiography was normal. These cases prove that "myocardial infarction with normal coronaries" can be associated with coronary thrombosis in the acute stage.     

静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床探讨

目的　探讨静脉溶栓疗法对高龄急性心肌梗死患者的疗效及安全性。 方法　将 82例高龄急性心肌梗死患者随机分为溶栓组和常规治疗组。溶栓组 40例 ,采用尿激酶静脉溶栓加皮下注射低分子肝素钙。常规治疗组 42例 ,除不用尿激酶及低分子肝素钙外 ,其余治疗均与溶栓组相同。 结果　 血管再通率溶栓组为6 5 %(2 6 / 40 ) ,常规治疗组为 14.3%(6 / 42 ) ,两组血管再通率比较差异具有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。溶栓组未见严重出血等并发症。住院 4周内病死率为 5 %。而常规治疗组病死率为 2 3.8%(10 / 42 ) ,两组比较具有显著差异性(P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　 尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性心肌梗死可以提高冠脉再通率 ,降低死亡率和改善预后 ,是可行性治疗措施。     

尿激酶溶栓治疗早期急性脑梗死的疗效

目的评价在急性脑梗死(ACI)病后6h尿激酶(UK)静脉溶栓的临床疗效。方法78例ACI随机分成UK组和对照组。UK组UK25万U静脉注射,续以UK150万U60min内静脉滴注,对照组采用通常的治疗方案,评价治疗前和治疗后1、7、14、28d的神经功能缺损评分。结果①治疗后1、7、14、28d时UK组与对照组比较改善均非常显著(P<0.01);7d时UK组改善比较显著(P<0.05);②UK组用药前与用药后1d比较、7d与14d比较、14d与28d比较,神经功能缺损评分改善均非常显著(P<0.01),用药1d与7d比较,差异显著(P<0.05);③UK组用药后1d时显效率23.3%,7d时56.1%,14d时80.3%,28d时91.6%,均高于同期对照组结果(P<0.01、<0.01、<0.01、<0.05)。结论早期ACIUK溶栓治疗比常规治疗起效快、作用强、效果好,并且安全、简便、可靠。