The influence of aripiprazole and olanzapine on neurotransmitters level in frontal cortex of prenatally stressed rats

ObjectivesThe study aims to verify whether alterations in the level of neurotransmitters have occurred in prenatally stressed rats (animal model of schizophrenia), and whether aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA) modify this level.MethodsThe effects of ARI (1.5 mg/kg) and OLA (0.5 mg/kg) were studied by means of microdialysis in freely moving rats (observation time 120 min). The level of neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NA) and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA) was analyzed by HPLC with coulochemical detection.ResultsObtained results indicate that after a single administration of ARI and OLA in the prenatally stressed rats the increase of DA, DOPAC, and 5-HT was observed. In turn ARI administration increase the level of HVA and 5-HIAA and also decrease the level of NA. After OLA administration the level of NA and HVA increased and no significant change in 5-HIAA was observed.ConclusionAlterations observed as a result of ARI and OLA administration may be pivotal in identifying animal models of mental disorders and in the analysis of neuroleptics effectiveness.     

精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属静息态脑功能网络的小世界属性研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属静息态脑功能网络小世界属性特征的异同。方法:对符合DSM-IV诊断标准的33例精神分裂症患者、30例未患病一级亲属和34例健康对照进行静息态脑功能扫描,利用AAL模板将大脑划分为116个脑区并进行网络构建,比较三组被试的网络属性特征。结果:三组静息态脑功能网络均具有小世界属性,但患者组部分脑区节点属性(节点度和节点局部效率)显著异常(p<0.05, Bonferroni校正),主要位于右颞上回、左眶额皮质、左后扣带回和右小脑下叶;亲属组左后扣带回的节点度显著增加。结论:精神分裂症患者和一级亲属都存在左后扣带回节点属性异常,提示左后扣带回功能异常可能是精神分裂症的早期改变且受遗传易感性影响。     

出院准备度评估在首发精神分裂症患中的应用

目的探讨出院准备度评估对首发精神分裂症患者出院后康复情况的影响。方法选取2016年10月-2017年3月在四川省精神卫生中心住院、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的首发精神分裂症患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各30例。两组患者均接受奥氮平治疗4周及以上,对照组由医生评估后下达医嘱办理出院,研究组由医生评估后下达出院医嘱,并接受出院准备度量表(RDQ)评定,评估达到标准后再办理出院。对两组患者在出院后1月、6月、12月通过电话或门诊随访的方式进行回访,采用自制出院回访调查表了解患者出院后康复情况。结果出院后研究组与对照组复发且再次入院、出现情绪问题、生活不能自理、自行停药情况、睡眠异常5个方面差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。出院后1月,研究组满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论对于首发精神分裂症患者,通过出院准备度评估,可能有助于判断患者出院后进一步康复的能力。     

支持性心理治疗对慢性精神分裂症述情障碍的治疗疗效*

目的探讨支持性心理治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者述情障碍的治疗疗效。方法将70名慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为二组,研究组除常规药物治疗外采用为期12周的支持性心理治疗,对照组予以常规药物治疗,探索干预后及6个月时述情障碍总分及其因子分变化。结果与对照组相比,干预后及6个月随访时,研究组精神分裂症患者述情障碍检出率明显降低(P0.05)。此外,两组TAS-20量表总分及情感描述不能因子分在分组主效应、时间效应及分组与时间交互效应的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。情感辨别不能因子分在分组主效应的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在时间效应及分组与时间交互效应的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);外向性思维因子分在分组主效应及分组与时间交互效应均无统计学差异(P0.05),在时间效应有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论支持性心理治疗能够减少慢性精神分裂症患者的述情障碍检出率及降低严重程度。     

氯氮平添加齐拉西酮或喹硫平治疗难治性精神分裂症的对比研究

目的:比较氯氮平添加齐拉西酮或喹硫平对氯氮平治疗无效的难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性。方法:将63例对氯氮平治疗无效的精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别添加齐拉西酮(n=31)和喹硫平(n=32)治疗12周,用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和临床整体印象病情严重程度量表(CGI-S)评价患者的疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)评价患者的不良反应。结果:12周末,共60例患者完成本研究,两组患者总体精神症状都有明显改善,添加齐拉西酮治疗组改善明显(P<0.05),患者发生的不良反应较少,且体重有明显下降(-0.57kg,P<0.01),而添加喹硫平治疗组患者的体重无改变。结论:氯氮平联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性优于联合喹硫平,且可降低体重,这些初步的结果仍需要进一步研究确定。     

Goal‐directed behaviors in patients with schizophrenia: Concept relevance and updated model

Goal‐directed behaviors are formulated to pursue a given objective by constructing a plan and selecting actions that lead to the intended goal, either immediately or over an extended period. This concept is important to the study of human behavior because of its involvement in the majority of complex or novel situations that an individual may encounter, regardless of the cognitive, affective, or social abilities required. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the relevance of goal‐directed behaviors to our understanding of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A systematic analysis of this relation may allow us to develop integrative hypotheses regarding positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia rather than consider them to be distinct issues. In this article, we review previous studies of goal‐directed actions in patients with schizophrenia in order to clarify the relevant concepts and provide a theoretical basis for the integration of existing results. Based on available theoretical models and data, we propose an updated model to facilitate further investigation of schizophrenia‐related impairments in goal‐directed behaviors.     

精神分裂症患者与正常人的罗夏测验自我损伤指数

目的:了解精神分裂症患者与正常人的罗夏测验自我损伤指数(EII)差异。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者60例(年龄17~53岁)及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常对照组60例,分别对两组被试实施罗夏测验。对被试罗夏测验的反应进行编码与记分,计算出两组被试的EII值,比较两组被试EII及其各分变量(歪曲形状质量、认知加工错误加权和、歪曲感知人类运动、批判性内容、好的人物表征和坏的人物表征)的差异,分析EII对此两组被试的区分程度。结果:精神分裂症组的EII[(0.7±1.7)vs.(-0.9±0.9)]、歪曲形状质量[(6.2±2.3)vs.(3.4±2.6)]、认知加工错误加权和[(14.0±6.5)vs.(7.2±4.2)]、歪曲感知人类运动[(0.7±1.2)vs.(0.3±0.7)]、坏的人物表征[(3.1±2.7)vs.(1.8±1.8)]得分高于正常对照组(均P0.05),但两组"好的人物表征"和"批判性内容"得分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。诊断试验结果显示当EII值为-0.5时,对精神分裂症和正常人区分的灵敏度为0.91,特异度为0.75,Youden指数为0.66。结论:与正常人相比,精神分裂症患者的自我功能存在较严重的损伤,罗夏测验自我损伤指数区分精神分裂症患者的敏感性较高,但特异性较低,尚须进一步完善。