重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色分析与优化

重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色突出。本文从分析重庆小城镇传统景观风貌特色出发,针对小城镇]进过程中出现的种种风貌失落现象,尝试提出相应的优化对策,以促进小城镇传统景观风貌的保护与更新。     

核糖核酸的酶消化方法直接顺序分析

应用硷基特异性核酸内切酶进行RNA的顺序分析。以~(32)P标记RNA分子的5′或3′末端的四种硷基能被酶试剂部分裂解。放射性的水解产物经胶电泳按其大小而分离。放射自显影后它的核苷酸顺序从带谱上可以直接读出。核糖核酸酶(RNasc)T_1(G特异性)、U_2(A特异性)、Phy M(U+A特异性)和B.cereus(C+U特异性)是最常用于顺序RNA的四种酶。     

增食灵口服液对幼龄鼠胃肠动力的影响

目的观察增食灵口服液对幼龄鼠胃排空、血浆胃动素（MOT）、小肠推进的影响。方法将实验动物随机分为正常对照组、吗丁啉组及增食灵口服液大、中、小剂量组。分别用0．9％NaCl溶液及各组药物灌胃7d后，采用酚红法测定胃排空率，同时测定血浆MOT水平及小肠碳末推进率。结果增食灵口服液大、中剂量组的胃排空均显著快于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；除吗丁啉组和增食灵口服液小剂量组外，其余各用药组的血浆MOT含量均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；增食灵口服液各组碳末推进率均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论增食灵口服液能显著促进胃排空，提高血浆MOT，促进小肠推进，且与剂量大小相关。     

CURRENT STATUS OF DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPY

Yamamoto and colleagues have developed a novel insertion method of the endoscope, the ‘double balloon method’ for enteroscopy and, recently, a specialized system for the ‘double balloon method’ has been commercialized by Fujinon. The double balloon endoscopy enables visualization of the entire small bowel and also allows for interventional therapy in the small intestine. This method could be used either from the oral or anal approach. Observation of an affected area with controlled movement of the endoscope enables interventions, including biopsies, hemostasis, balloon dilatation, stent placement, polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection. The procedure is safe and useful, and it provides high diagnostic yields and therapeutic capabilities.     

靶向表皮生长因子受体的shRNA抑制U251胶质瘤生长的实验研究

目的探讨靶向表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的RNA干涉(RNAi)技术抑制恶性胶质瘤体外细胞系U251的EGFR表达后,在体内外对U251细胞生长抑制作用。方法在人EGFR开放阅读框的细胞内区酪氨酸激酶结构域选择1个siRNA靶序列、进行短发夹RNA(shRNA)表达载体psiRNA-2400的构建,并以含有随机序列的psiRNA-scr表达质粒为对照进行了脂质体介导的U251人脑恶性胶质瘤细胞系表达。应用RT-PCR检测EGFR表达水平,应用MTT法、流式细胞术和Matrigel基质生长实验评价肿瘤细胞转染前后的生物学行为。进一步应用裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型观察脂质体介导shRNA基因治疗对U251细胞生长抑制作用。对肿瘤组织应用免疫组化的方法进行EGFR、PCNA和GFAP表达比较。结果脂质体介导、靶向EGFR的shRNA可显著抑制U251细胞ECFR表达,MTT法分析显示psiRNA-2400转染组细胞生长抑制率为68%;与对照组和psiRNA-scr转染组比较,细胞周期分析结果表明psiRNA-2400转染组G_0～G_1期细胞数没有明显变化,进入S期的细胞数较对照组减少了12.7%～13%,而进入G_2期细胞则增加了10.5%～11.7%。Matrigel基质生长实验显示对照组和psiRNA-scr转染组细胞呈正常形态贴壁生长,而psiRNA-2400转染组细胞不能贴壁生长,呈团块状簇集生长。裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型实验显示psiRNA-2400显著抑制皮下肿瘤生长,组织病理学分析显示治疗组EGFR表达下降、PCNA标记指数降低而GFAP表达上调。结论靶向EGFR的RNAi技术可以显著抑制U251细胞的EGFR表达,在体内外对U251细胞生长均产生明显抑制作用。因此,shRNA表达质粒介导的基因治疗可以成为胶质瘤靶向性EGFR治疗的新策略。     

Detailed Analysis of Mucosal Restoration of the Small Intestine After the Cavitary Two-Layer Cold Storage Method

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with a high incidence of infectious complications because of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mucosal injury concomitant with potent immunosuppression. In this study, we evaluated whether the cavitary two-layer method (cTLM) could reduce I/R injury and allow early mucosal restoration, particularly after prolonged preservation and transplantation. Canine heterotopic segmental SBT was performed immediately without preservation (group 1), after 24-h preservation in UW solution (group 2) or by the cTLM (group 3). The graft samples were taken 1 h after reperfusion and on days 1, 4 and 7. We assessed graft mucosa with detailed microscopic and electromicroscopic analyses. In Group 3, histological injury and cell apoptosis after transplantation were significantly alleviated and rapidly recovered to a similar level of group 1. The mucosal restoration was morphologically completed within 4 days. In contrast, in group 2, more pronounced mucosal injury and delayed recovery were noted. Crypt cell proliferation activity was well maintained in groups 1 and 3 throughout the experimental period. Our ultrastructural analysis suggested that mitochondrial integrity achieved by the cTLM was a basal mechanism under the prompt mucosal restoration. The cTLM could reduce I/R injury, facilitate mucosal regeneration and restore the nearly normal structure early after SBT.     

siRNA联合顺铂抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖的研究

目的构建人Survivin基因的siRNA真核表达载体,探讨其对骨肉瘤细胞MG63凋亡及顺铂化疗的增敏作用。方法应用pSilencer 3.0-H1 neo,构建Survivin特异性的RNA干涉载体,转染MG63细胞,G418筛选稳定转染的细胞系。半定量PCR和免疫荧光染色分别检测Survivin mRNA与蛋白的水平变化。Annexin V法检测细胞凋亡。MTT法检测顺铂对细胞的杀伤作用。结果构建Survivin基因siRNA真核表达载体PsiS。获得了稳定转染的细胞系。与MG63、阴性对照细胞比较,MG63/PsiS生长曲线则十分平缓。MG63/PsiS细胞中Survivin的mRNA及蛋白表达明显减少。MG63/PsiS凋亡率增加为17.8%(P<0.01)。1 mg/L顺铂作用下,MG63/PsiS死亡率是其他各组的2.3倍(P<0.01)。结论特异性siRNA能够明显阻断Survivin基因的表达促进MG63细胞凋亡,提高细胞对顺铂的敏感性。     

螺旋CT在小肾癌诊断中的价值

目的评价螺旋CT多期扫描在小肾癌诊断中的价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的小肾癌14例,分析其螺旋CT平扫、皮质期、实质期及肾盂期的表现。结果CT平扫病灶呈等密度7例,稍低密度5例,稍高密度1例,1例为囊实性肿块,其中2例伴斑点状钙化。增强扫描皮质期12例呈明显强化,2例呈轻中度强化。肾实质期肿瘤密度迅速减退,肾盂期肿瘤密度进一步减退。结论小肾癌螺旋CT增强多期扫描征象有一定特征性,对小肾癌的诊断有重要价值。