Community-living older people’s interpretation of the Norwegian version of older people’s quality of life (OPQOL) questionnaire

The aim of this study is to investigate how community-living older people interpret the Norwegian version of Older People's Quality of Life (OPQOL) questionnaire. The original OPQOL questionnaire was translated based on guidelines for cross-cultural translation. The Three-Step Test-Interview instrument was adopted to investigate how community-living older people interpreted the questionnaire. Data were collected from 14 participants (72–89 years). The questionnaire was filled in under observation. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to clarify the observational data and elicit the participants’ experiences and opinions. Lastly, data were analysed using a hermeneutic interpretation approach. Our findings indicate that most of the participants managed to complete the OPQOL questionnaire without problems. The data analysis resulted in four primary themes: relevance & applicability, formulation, consistency & accuracy and subjectivity. The questionnaire covered all aspects related to the participants’ quality of life. However, statements related to religion were found to be irrelevant to their quality of life. Most of the participants thought that religion, philosophy and culture should be separate rather than included in the same statement. The participants missed the option of ‘not applicable’ when the statements were irrelevant to them. The statements are formulated in both positive and negative ways, which was sometimes confusing to them. The participants perceived phases such as “around me” “local,” and “things” as ambiguous, and thus they raised concerns about whether the OPQOL questionnaire could capture consistent data regarding their quality of life. The results of this study pinpoint the issues that community-living older people faced when interpreting and answering the Norwegian version of OPQOL questionnaire. These issues were mostly caused by sociocultural differences. Our work provides an overview of the changes that must be made in the questionnaire in order to address these sociocultural differences while using the OPQOL questionnaire in the Norwegian context.     

A multi-institutional survey of the quality of life after treatment for uterine cervical cancer: a comparison between radical radiotherapy and surgery in Japan

This study aimed to research the post-treatment quality of life (QOL) between radiotherapy (RT)- and operation (OP)-treated early cervical cancer survivors, using separate questionnaires for physicians and patients. We administered an observational questionnaire to patients aged 20–70 years old with Stages IB1–IIB cervical cancer who had undergone RT or OP and without recurrence as outpatients for ≥6 months after treatment. We divided 100 registered patients equally into two treatment groups (n = 50 each). The average age was 53 and 44 years in the RT and OP groups, respectively. The RT group included 34 and 66% Stage I and II patients, respectively, whereas the OP group included 66 and 34% Stage I and II patients, respectively. The OP group included 58% of patients with postoperative RT. Combination chemotherapy was performed in 84 and 48% of patients in the RT and OP groups, respectively. On the physicians’ questionnaire, we observed significant differences in bone marrow suppression (RT) and leg edema (OP). On the patients’ questionnaire, significantly more patients had dysuria and leg edema in the OP group than in the RT group, and severe (Score 4–5) leg edema was significantly higher in the post-operative RT group than in the OP only group. The frequency of sexual intercourse decreased after treatment in both groups. On the patients’ questionnaire, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sexual activity. These findings are useful to patients and physicians for shared decision-making in treatment choices. The guidance of everyday life and health information including sexual life after treatment is important.     

新冠疫情下基层医务工作者心理状况的调查与研究

目的:评估在疫情期间,基层医务人员的个人心理状况并对基层医务人员心理状况进行分析。方法:2020年2—4月以上海市浦东新区上钢社区卫生服务中心为调查点,选取30名参与疫情防控工作的医务人员为调查组,并以1∶2的比例选择未参加疫情防控的医务人员为对照组,以焦虑自评量表,斯坦福急性应激反应量表及匹兹堡睡眠量表为调查工具,调查比较医务人员的相关心理状况及心理状况产生的影响。结果:研究组在焦虑评分上高于对照组,且具有统计学意义。在应激反应上,无论是单方面还是总得分,研究组得分都高于对照组,且具有统计学意义;在睡眠质量上,研究组总得分也高于对照组,其中在睡眠障碍和日间功能障碍方面具有统计学意义,而其他方面无统计学意义。结论:通过本次调查,我们发现在疫情情况下,参与疫情防控的基层医务人员更易产生焦虑,且更易产生应激反应,同时其睡眠状况较差。     

湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的 了解湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素,为高校性教育提供理论依据。方法 采用青春期性心理健康量表对随机整群抽样的2 187名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 调查的大学生性心理健康总均分为(3.58±0.39)分,性认知评分为(3.51±0.65)分,性价值观评分为(3.77±0.55)分,性适应评分为(3.53±0.39)分。男生性认知得分为(3.61±0.63)分,高于女生的(3.43±0.65)分,(t=6.441,P<0.001),性价值得分为(3.72±0.57)分,低于女性的(3.82±0.53)分,(t=-4.297,P<0.001);本科生性心理健康各维度得分均高于专科生(t总=7.139,t性认知=6.099,t性价值=3.055,t性适应=6.870;P值均<0.01);医学生性心理健康各维度得分均高于非医学生(t总=48.746,t性认知=65.119,t性价值=52.402,t性适应=11.782;P值均<0.001);父母赞同子女恋爱性健康总分、性认知、性适应分高于反对者(t总=6.058,t性认知=6.477,t性适应=6.793;P值均<0.001);接受性健康教育时间越早各维度得分越高(F总=11.338,F性认知=10.075,F性价值=8.265,F性适应=6.483;P值均<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响性心理健康总分前三位因素是:专业类别、最早接受性健康教育的时间、父母对子女谈恋爱的态度。结论 湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况仍待进一步提高,影响大学生性心理健康的因素是多方面的,应根据学生的不同特征及需求开展针对性的教育。     

甘肃省15～24岁青少年健康素养水平及影响因素的调查

目的 了解甘肃省15～24岁青少年健康素养水平分布状况,并探索其影响因素,为青少年制定健康教育干预策略和措施提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,抽取全省87个县(市、区)15～69岁常住居民23 490人进行调查,其中15～24岁青少年2 019人。采用问卷调查法调查居民健康素养水平。问卷内容包括人口学资料与健康素养相关问题等两大类,并采用logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 2017年甘肃省15～24岁青少年健康素养水平为12.09%;基本知识和理念素养水平为21.94%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为14.02%,基本健康技能素养水平为13.62%;6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:科学健康观素养为36.95%、安全与急救素养为37.35%、健康信息素养为21.74%、传染病防治素养为18.13%、基本医疗素养水平为16.05%、慢性病防治素养水平为15.30%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别和文化程度是健康素养水平的主要影响因素。结论 甘肃省15～24岁青少年健康素养水平较低,应加强健康教育和监测研究,并制定有效对策和措施,提高健康素养水平。     

深圳市2起人感染猪链球菌病疫情的流行病学调查

目的查明我市2起人感染猪链球菌病的感染途径和流行特征，为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法开展流行病学调查，采集脑脊液标本，用血平板进行细菌培养、分离，用PCR鉴定。结果患者手部有外伤且有生猪肉接触史，临床上潜伏期短，病程进展迅速，均为脑膜炎型。患者脑脊液中分离的细菌经生化和PCR检测结果为猪链球菌Ⅱ型。病人经过及时抢救均脱离了危险。结论2起疫情为散发疫情，相互间无流行病学联系。传播途径为接触被猪链球菌污染的生猪肉经破损皮肤而传染。应加强卫生知识宣传和教育，提高肉食品加工人员的自我保护能力，同时要提高医务人员的诊治水平。     

大学生自我表露及其与主观幸福感的关系

目的:探讨大学生自我表露、主观幸福感现况及二者的关系.方法:根据浙江大学164名学生的问卷调查结果对Jourard SM自我表露问卷进行修订,用修订的自我表露问卷和幸福感指数量表对浙江大学的356名学生进行问卷调查.结果:不同信息类别的自我表露评分差异显著(F=50.24,P＜0.001),其中品味和兴趣(1.85±0.41)、学习(工作)(1.87±0.43)的自我表露评分均高于态度和看法(1.70±0.32)(t=7.870、8.256)、金钱(1.60±0.41,t=10.517、11.429)、个性(1.70±0.39)、身体(1.71±0.42)(P均＜0.001).目标人的主效应显著(有男/女朋友者、无男/女朋友者的自我表露问卷评分差异均有显著性,F=21.14、13.88,P＜0.001),信息类别和目标人的交互作用显著(F=76.15,P＜0.001).在金钱、身体、学习或工作方面大学生向父母表露多于向男、女性朋友(如金钱上:母亲1.81±0.59、父亲1.73±0.58,男朋友1.42±0.44,女朋友1.40±0.44;F=116.84,P=0.000).女性的表露程度高于男性(1.79±0.31/1.71±0.32,t=2.03,P=0.044).自我表露与主观幸福感呈正相关(r=0.16,P=0.003).分层回归显示自我表露对预测主观幸福感作出了新的贡献(△R2=0.021,P=0.006).结论:信息类别、目标人、被试性别会影响自我表露的程度,提升表露水平有助于改善主观幸福感.     

河南职工医学院456名学生膳食调查

目的：了解学生的膳食构成和摄入的各种营养素能否满足身体生长发育和学习活动的需要。方法：采“２４小时回顾法”对４５６名学生进行了三天膳食调查。结果：学生膳食基本合理,但品种单一,蔬菜、水果、动物性食品奶制品摄入量不足,三大营养素热量来源尚可。早餐热能偏低,钙的摄入严重不足,铁的来源较差。结论：建议学生注意平衡膳食,食物多样化,适量增加动物性食品,常吃奶类、豆类、多吃蔬菜水果,保证身体健康生长。     

海军新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的流行病学调查

查明海军新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的发生率和分布特征。方法：以整群抽样的方式选取驻粤海军某部参加１９９８年度基础训练的新兵５９２人,对训练中受伤的战士进行病学调查。结果在９０ｄ的训练中,军训伤的累积发生主为２８．２％,开训后第８周为发生高峰,各部位损伤中以下肢的发生率为最高。     

济南市社区居民膳食营养状况研究

目的探讨城市社区居民膳食营养状况及存在的营养问题。方法采用食物频率问卷和24h回顾的膳食调查方法进行调查。结果平均每人每日摄取食物为1262±95g,其中食用油脂、豆类、动物性食物摄取量超过中国居民膳食指南建议数值,蔬菜、水果、奶类摄入偏低;男性水果、奶类、鱼虾类食物的摄取量低于女性。谷类、蔬菜、酒类的摄取量高于女性,干部组男性日平均摄入酒类125g;退休组人均热能摄入偏高,占RDA的116．0％,工人组则占RDA的82．6％;维生素A、B