Respiratory tract infections due to different rhinovirus serotypes and the influence of maternal antibodies on the clinical expression of the disease in infants.

Rhinoviruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions of 49 children hospitalized because of severe respiratory tract infection. The isolates were typed using 90 type-specific antisera. No obvious relation between certain serotypes and the severity of illness was found. Serum samples were drawn from all children simultaneously with the nasopharyngeal secretions and screened for the presence of type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Children aged 1 week to 6 months had higher neutralizing antibody titers and revealed a lower degree of morbidity than older children. The decline of neutralizing serum antibodies with increasing age was correlated with a higher incidence of severe disease in those aged 7-12 months. Nevertheless, also in this age group children with mild clinical courses of disease were observed despite a low concentration or an absence of neutralizing serum antibodies. This indicates that not only neutralizing serum antibodies, but other factors also influence the clinical expression of RHV-induced disease.     

人源化CD33单克隆抗体联合化疗与单用化疗在初次复发或难治性急性髓性白血病治疗中比较的Ⅲ期多中心随机研究的评价

4背景 CD33是一种细胞表面的受体，它只存在于粒单细胞表面。体外研究表明，抗CD33抗体与受体结合后导致了剂量依赖性的细胞凋亡．这与其他抗体如CD22在淋巴系统恶性肿瘤中的方式是相似的。由于CD33在急性髓性白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）的幼稚细胞中广泛表达（〉90％），而在大多数的非血液系统的组织则不表达．故针对CD33的抗体类药物．如联合了刺孢霉素的抗CD33抗体吉姆单抗奥佐米星（Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin，GO）已用于治疗AML的病人。     

Evaluation of human antibody responses to diphtheria toxin subunits A and B in various age groups

This study aimed to evaluate human antibody responses to diphtheria toxin subunits in various age groups. Antibodies against the intact diphtheria toxin and the diphtheria toxin subunits A and B were evaluated in 1319 individuals using a double-antigen ELISA. Although high levels of protection (83.6%, 95% CI 79.2-87.4) were found in children and adolescents, the middle-aged adult population was less protected (28.8%, 95% CI 24.3-33.6). An increase in age was associated with a decrease in the frequency of protected individuals in the 0-39-year age group (p <0.001). Anti-subunit B levels correlated well (p <0.01) with levels of antibodies against the intact toxin. In children aged < or =16 years, the intervals at which the peaks in geometric mean titres of anti-subunit B antibodies were observed were found to correlate with the ages at which booster doses are administered. Overall, males appeared to be more protected than females (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.08, p <0.001). A small group of individuals had antibody levels of > or =0.1 IU/mL against the intact toxin, but did not have protective antibody against subunit B. Determination of anti-subunit B antibody levels should help in evaluating the effectiveness of diphtheria boosters and other aspects of diphtheria immunity.     

纯化的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶单克隆抗体对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响(英文)

本文研究了Balb/c小鼠杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶单克隆抗体对电鳐电器官乙酰胆碱酯酶催化反应的影响及其机理。小鼠腹水抗体经蛋白A琼脂糖亲和层析分离纯化,达到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯。酶联免疫吸附试验检测了11株单克隆抗体,滴度在1:5000～1:300 000范围内。在以乙酰胆碱为底物的催化反应中,3F3、2G8及1H11三株杂交瘤分泌的单克隆抗体对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性有明显的抑制作用,抑制作用随单克隆抗体用量的加大而增强。但在以乙酰靛酚为底物的催化反应中,仅3F3显示抑制作用。因而推论,3F3作用在乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力中心,而2G8及1H11可能作用在活力中心的邻近部位.乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力中心不仅是酶的催化部位,而且也是酶分子上的一个抗原决定簇.乙酰胆碱酯酶活力中心具有催化及诱导抗体产生的双重功能.     

细胞间粘附分子-1单抗防治初发期急性肾小管坏死的实验研究

目的探讨白细胞的粘附在初发期急性肾小管坏死(ATN)的病理生理学过程中所起的作用。方法Wistar雄性大鼠32只,随机分为4组。肌肉注射甘油制作ATN动物模型,应用细胞间粘附分子-1单抗防治初发期大鼠ATN,观察其肾脏病理学及血尿素氮和血肌酐变化。结果给药24 h后治疗组血肌酐值[(412.31±94.42)μmol/L]明显低于CD3对照组血肌酐[(990.21±171.25)μmol/L](P<0.05)。模型组与CD3对照组可见明显肾小管坏死,而治疗组仅2例出现较轻的坏死灶。结论白细胞的粘附在ATN发病过程中具有重要作用,应用细胞间粘附分子-1单抗阻断白细胞的粘附能明显减轻肾脏病理改变。     

Apolipoprotein B polymorphism and altered apolipoprotein B concentrations in Congolese blacks

The immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in plasma obtained from 238 unrelated black African male subjects from the People's Republic of Congo was analysed by non-competitive Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with monoclonal BIP 45 anti-LDL antibody. The polymorphism detected by BIP 45 monoclonal antibody is identical to the Ag(c,g) polymorphism. Antibody BIP 45 distinguishes three apo B allotypes (immunophenotypes) encoded by the two allelic genes apo B Ag(c) and apo B Ag(g). Because of co-dominant transmission, genotypes may be inferred from allotypes, and it has been shown that BIP 45 binds strongly to the Ag(c) factor and only weakly to the allelic Ag(g) factor. Analysis of the Congolese plasma samples indicated that 67.65% of them bound BIP 45 with low affinity (Ag(c-,g+) genotype), 28.15% with intermediate affinity (Ag(c+,g+) genotype) and 4.20% with high affinity (Ag(c+,g-) genotype). According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, this corresponds to gene frequencies of 0.817 and 0.183 for the type Ag(g)/Ag(c) alleles, respectively. After adjustment for age and body-mass index, it was found that the Ag(c) allele decreases the apo B level by 9.62 mg/dl and that the Ag(g) allele increases apo B by 0.43 mg/dl. Therefore, as much as 4.30% of the genetic variance for apo B level could be accounted for by the Ag(c,g) gene locus.     

Possible protective immunity in human opisthorchiasis

Chronic infections with the liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis affect over 30 million people in southeastern Asia. With ongoing exposure, reinfection readily occurs following curative treatment and cumulative infections result in significant morbidity and a predisposition to cholangiocarcinoma. Though protective immunity has never been described in human opisthorchiasis, heterogeneity in worm burden occurs and a small number of exposed residents of endemic areas remain apparently uninfected. To explore the nature of this heterogeneity, we compared levels of serum antibody (Ab) to O. viverrini measured by an enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay in 83 stool egg-positive and 49 stool egg-negative residents of an O. viverrini-endemic area in Thailand. Compared to the egg-positive residents, the egg-negative group had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM to adult worm homogenate (AWH) and total Ab to metacercaria homogenate (MH). Furthermore, immunoblot analyses revealed that a significantly higher proportion of sera from the egg-negative residents had IgA reactivity against a 38-k Da AWH antigen and IgM reactivity against carbohydrate epitopes of a 42-k Da AWH glycoprotein antigen. These findings support a hypothesis that the egg-negative group includes individuals who may be immunologically resistant to this usually chronic infection.     

Monoclonal antibodies to canine intra-acrosomal sperm proteins recognizing acrosomal status during capacitation and acrosome reaction

Summary.  Monoclonal antibodies Ds-1 and Ds-2 specifically labelling dog sperm acrosome were prepared by immunization of mice with acetic acid extracts of dog spermatozoa. Electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence localized the site of Ds-1 and Ds-2 proteins inside the acrosomal vesicle. Ds-1 antibody detected 55, 76, 115, 120 and 190kDa proteins under non-reducing conditions, and 73 kDa and 54 kDa proteins after reduction (p73/Ds-1 and p54/Ds-1). 92 kDa and 40 kDa proteins recognized by Ds-2 (p92/Ds-2 and p40/Ds-2) migrated at > 200 kDa in the absence of reducing agent. In vivo , p73/Ds-1 and p54/Ds-1 are therefore likely to be present both in free and complexed form, while all of p92/Ds-2 and p40/Ds-2 form disulfide-bonded complexes. Decrease in the rate of acrosomes stained with Ds-1 and Ds-2 was correlated with the progress of capacitation resulting in the increased rate of spontaneous acrosome reactions, as suggested by a dramatic effect of A23187. Monoclonal antibody to boar acrosin (ACR-2) recognized dog sperm acrosin homologue. A higher rate of ACR-2-negative spermatozoa was observed after capacitation and A23187 treatment compared to Ds-1 and Ds-2, indicating that proteins recognized by Ds-1 and Ds-2 are localized in a specific compartment of acrosome, distinct from acrosin and possibly representing fraction of acrosomal matrix.     

A flexible, efficient, checkerboard immunoblot system for the detection and semiquantitation of specific antinuclear antibodies.

In this paper an uncomplicated method for the simultaneous detection and semiquantitation of 11 of the 12 commonly studied antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in a single run is described. This new application of checkerboard immunoblotting (CBIB) is based upon available technology and employs purified antigens which can be either purchased or produced in-house. CBIB requires no electronic instrument, can be formatted to meet the needs of the user, is rapidly performed, and has acceptable labor and materials costs. Data on the use of the method to examine available reference antisera is presented. CBIB has also proven practical for the clinical study of 18 sera, at two dilutions per membrane, for each set of specific antinuclear antibodies, also at two or more dilutions.