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81.
J. Harro Charlotta Löfberg Rein Pähkla Vallo Matto Lembit Rägo Lars Oreland Lembit Allikmets 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1996,355(1):57-63
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide recently implicated in affective disorders. This study aimed at measuring the levels
of different molecular forms of CCK and the binding characteristics of CCKB receptors in the rat brain after three weeks of treatment with four different antidepressants, imipramine, amitriptyline,
desipramine, and citalopram (all at the dose of 10 mg/kg once per day i.p.). Chronic treatment with imipramine and desipramine
had a significant immobility-reducing effect in the Porsolt‘s swim test. The effect of amitriptyline, albeit in the same direction,
was not significant, and citalopram had no effect in this test. In the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety, all drugs tended
to increase the number of open arm entries and the ratio open/total arm entries, but only the effects of imipramine were statistically
significant. None of the treatments affected the total levels of CCK or the levels of CCK-8-sulphated, CCK-8-nonsulphated,
CCK-5, or CCK-4 in the frontal cortex. There was no effect of the treatments on CCKB receptor binding in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, or striatum. Imipramine and amitriptyline, however, increased the affinity
of CCKB receptor binding in the hypothalamus. Thus, no consistent effect of chronic antidepressant treatment on the CCK-ergic neurotransmission
in the rats was found.
Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 26 August 1996 相似文献
82.
Molecular staging of head and neck squamous carcinoma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The staging system of head and neck cancer is a Tumor-Node-Metastases system that was developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The stage of the head and neck cancer defines the extent of the lesion and is determined by physical examination, radiologic studies, and pathologic examination. Accurate staging of head and neck cancer is critical since it will determine the treatment modalities used to cure the disease. Recent advances in the field of molecular genetics have allowed clinicians to detect occult cancer cells previously missed by physical examination and standard histopathologic techniques. Molecular assays are 500 times more sensitive in identifying cancer cells than standard techniques and provide more objective analyses with fewer sampling errors. Consequently, these techniques are currently being used to perform molecular staging of head and neck cancer patients. Preliminary results show that molecular staging will accurately identify those patients at significantly increased risk for recurrence of their head and neck cancer. 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
P. E. Buchholtz-Hansen A. G. Wang P. Kragh-Srensen 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》1993,87(5):329-335
A total of 219 inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression, 150 women and 69 men, were followed prospectively for 3–10 years and mortality was recorded. The patients were previous participants in psychopharmacological multicenter trials, which were carried out for the purpose of comparing the antidepressant effect of newer 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with that of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, clomipramine. The study comprised patients with a total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of ≥ 18 and/or a Hamilton subscale score of ≥ 9. Diagnostic classification according to the Newcastle I Scale in endogenous and nonendogenous depression was performed. The observed mortality was significantly greater than that expected. The increased mortality was essentially due to suicides and mainly found among women. Patients scored as nonendogenously depressed had a significantly higher suicide rate than endogenously depressed patients. The excess number of suicides in the nonendogenous group largely occurred within the first year of observation. No association was found between response to the antidepressant treatment in the trial and the suicide risk in the first 3 years of observation. 相似文献
86.
T. Shioya M. Kagaya M. Sano M. Itaba T. Shindo M. Miura 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1996,50(5):375-380
Objective:
We studied the bronchodilatory effect of tiquizium bromide [3-(di-2-thienylmethylene)-5-methyl-trans-quinolizidinium bromide; TQZ], an antimuscarinic agent, on airway smooth muscle in vitro, and also in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods:
In the first experiment, canine tracheal smooth muscle was used to measure the pA2 of TQZ in vitro. The selectivity of TQZ
for muscarinic receptor subtypes was also examined with a radioligand binding assay.
Results:
The pA2 value of TQZ was 8.75. The pK
i values of TQZ for M1, M2, and M3 were 8.70, 8.94, and 9.11, respectively. In an open pilot experiment, the effects of TQZ
inhalation were studied in seven patients with COPD (seven men, mean age 68.5 years). TQZ significantly increased forced vital
capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in a dose-dependent manner. The mean maximum increases in FVC and FEV1 caused by inhaled TQZ (2.0 mg) were 24% and 29%, respectively, and they were measured 1 h after the drug had been inhaled.
The FVC and FEV1 were still significantly higher than the control values even 8 h after the drug had been inhaled. No adverse effects were
observed after inhalation of TQZ.
Conclusion:
These data suggest that TQZ is an effective antimuscarinic agent, and that it causes significant bronchodilation in patients
with COPD.
Received: 3 April 1995/Accepted in revised form: 27 November 1995 相似文献
87.
针对医学分子遗传学内容抽象复杂、信息更新迅速、教与学的难度都很高的问题,本研究探讨总结临床医学专业研究生课程和实习生教学中医学分子遗传学的教学方法:夯实基础理论,注重学科融合;引入临床病例,激发主动学习;突出知识更新,鼓励线上查阅;教学科研结合,启发创新思维。结果表明,学生表现出更浓厚的学习兴趣和热情,能更独立和创新地进行思考。对分子遗传学的基础理论和临床应用进行分析,问卷显示课程教学满意度为97%(152/157)。 相似文献
88.
89.
A two decade survey of respiratory adenovirus in Taiwan: the reemergence of adenovirus types 7 and 4 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lin KH Lin YC Chen HL Ke GM Chiang CJ Hwang KP Chu PY Lin JH Liu DP Chen HY 《Journal of medical virology》2004,73(2):274-279
From November 1999 to December 2001, three outbreaks of adenovirus (Ad) respiratory infection occurred in southern Taiwan. To determine the circulating serotypes and molecular epidemiology, a total of 524 virus strains were randomly selected from 1,064 strains isolated from 1981 to 2001, and were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP. The major subgenus found was subgenus B (45%), followed by subgenus E (29%) and subgenus C (25%). Ad3 and Ad7 were the major types found during the 1st outbreak, which occurred from November 1999 to March 2000, while Ad4 was found mainly during the 2nd and 3rd outbreaks in October 2000 and September 2001, respectively. Both Ad7 and Ad4 were reemerged serotypes, whereas Ad3 was consistently isolated during the survey, although it declined drastically from 36 to 2% in 2001. Genotype analysis in this study showed that the only strain of Ad7 found in 1983 was Ad7a, but all randomly selected strains of Ad7 isolated during 1999-2000 were Ad7b. The clinical features of 217 patients were analyzed during the 1999-2000 outbreaks. About 79% of the total cases were less than 7 years old. The ratio of male to female was 2:1. Severe infections, such as pneumonia and acute bronchitis, accounted for nearly half of the cases (43%). These results show the reemergence and changing of serotypes, the clinical association of respiratory adenovirus infections, and the molecular epidemiology of Ad7 genotypes in Taiwan during the past two decades. 相似文献
90.
S. Momčilović C. Cantacessi V. Arsić-Arsenijević D. Otranto S. Tasić-Otašević 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):290-309