Kinetic study of glomerular epithelial cells associated with segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesion in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats

Background We previously found that glomerular epithelial cells play an important role in the formation of adhesive lesions. Glomerular sclerotic lesions develop after the inital adhesive lesions. Methods Two series of experiments were done with spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats. These rats develop segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with aging. The first series of experiments was intended to clarify the kinetics of glomerular cells on progressive glomerular damage in these rats. The second series of experiments was designed to study the relationship between proliferation (judged by % bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) of glomerlar epithelial cells and sclerotic lesions with adhesions. Results In the first series, rats having increased proteinuria showed segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions. At the same time, increased labeling indices of tuft cells and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule were observed. In the second series, no significant increase in the labeling indices of tuft cells with sclerotic lesions was observed, compared to tuft cells without sclerotic lesions. In sclerotic lesions with adhesion, bromodeoxyurdine-positive cells were observed that were not distinguishable as podocytes or epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. The highest labelling index was noted in the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsules with sclerosis. Conclusion This study shows that the proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells (mainly epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule) occurs in glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions.     

大鼠味腺VIP、NPY和CGRP免疫反应性神经的支配

本文用免疫细胞化学法（ＩＣＣ）成成年大白鼠味腺内血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）、神经肽ＹＮＰＹ）和降钙素其因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）免疫反应性（ＩＲ）神经的支配进行了观察。结果表农明：味腺内ＶＩＰ、ＮＰＹ和ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经都有密集分布，主要支配腺泡和血管，味腺及其周围有ＶＩＰ和ＮＰＹ－ＩＲ神经元细胞体分布，未见到ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经元细胞体。说明ＶＩＰ、ＮＰＹ和ＣＧＲｐ－ＩＲ神经可能与味腺的分泌和血流的调节有关。     

乳凝集素对新生仔兔小肠粘膜及小肠CD4~+,CD8~+,CD25~+淋巴细胞发育的影响

目的探讨乳凝集素(lactadherin)对新生仔兔在吮乳期及断奶期小肠粘膜发育以及小肠淋巴细胞发育的影响。方法新生仔兔共45只,随机分为母乳组(GB),配方奶组(GF)及配方奶加乳凝集素组(GL,100μg/ml),每组15只,在3w和5w应用图像分析技术检测新生仔兔小肠粘膜发育情况,分别在1、2、3、4和5w时,应用流式细胞技术测定小肠CD4+,CD8+,CD25+淋巴细胞发育情况。结果(1)GL组3w空肠绒毛周长、绒毛面积、绒毛高度及隐窝深度均超过GF组,GB组3w空肠绒毛周长及绒毛高度超过GF组;GL组5w空肠和回肠绒毛周长、绒毛面积、绒毛高度及隐窝深度均超过GF组和GB组。(2)5w各组小肠绒毛发生变化,绒毛表面由高密度的手指状变为平滑叶状或舌状,GL组绒毛面积和高度恢复较GB和GF组好。(3)GL组回肠CD4+淋巴细胞发育较GF组好,GB组较GL组好;GL组回肠CD25+淋巴细胞发育较GF组好(P<0.05)。结论乳凝集素对近端空肠粘膜形态发育和小肠CD4+和CD25+淋巴细胞发育有促进作用,并且可能帮助断奶期绒毛的恢复。     

Nursing involvement in euthanasia: how sound is the philosophical support?

Abstract  Preference utilitarians are concerned to maximize the autonomous choices of individuals; for this reason, they argue that nurses ought to advocate for those patients who desire assistance with ending their lives. This approach prompts us to consider, then, the moral validity of nursing involvement in measures intended to end the lives of patients. In this article, the terms of preference utilitarianism are set out and considered in order to determine whether this approach offers sufficient philosophical support for sanctioning a role for nursing in euthanasia. Ultimately, it is found that preference utilitarianism is lacking in this respect, as well as in its fitness for guiding nursing activity in general. In particular, it is found that nurses are required to exchange a handmaiden relationship with the medical profession for an equally undignified relationship with patients. If nursing involvement in measures intended to end the lives of patients is to find sufficient philosophical support, then we need to look elsewhere.     

胃癌癌前病变细胞动力学研究

应用自显像技术对内镜活检胃肠化生和异型增生上皮进行~3H-TdR 标志,观察标记率及增殖带的变化。异型增生标记率(18.50～19.21)及大肠化生标记率(18.57)较高,与胃癌(19.32)相似,并且其增殖带向粘膜表面及深部移动。这种细胞动力学的变化可能是胃癌癌前病变的基础。     

带血管蒂肠浆肌层环贴术防治肠瘘

本文报导用带蒂血管肠浆肌层环贴术防治各种复杂肠瘘,经过十一年的临床观察,疗效满意。本文还着重介绍了手术方法及操作过程中应注意的问题。     

人胚呼吸道上皮细胞非时序DNA合成

为研究和比较化学致癌物对人呼吸道上皮细胞和纤维母细胞的损伤及损伤后DNA修复合成的差异,作者用直接致癌物4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-NQO)和间接致癌物3,4-苯并芘(BaP)处理人胚鼻咽、气管上皮细胞和纤维母细胞,用放射自显影术测定这3种细胞的非时序脱氧核糖核酸合成(UDS)。用4-NQO处理后,这3种细胞的UDS均呈明显的剂量依赖(dose dePendency)关系,但气管和鼻咽上皮细胞UDS平均分别是纤维母细胞的3.0和2.4倍。用BaP处理后,气管和鼻咽上皮细胞UDS呈现明显的剂量依赖关系,而纤维母细胞未见这种关系。气管和鼻咽上皮细胞的UDS平均分别是纤维母细胞的8.6和3.0倍。     

Stable Transfection of Nonosteogenic Cell Lines with Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Enhances Mineral Deposition Both in the Presence and Absence of β-Glycerophosphate: Possible Role for Alkaline Phosphatase in Pathological Mineralization

It is documented that alkaline phosphatase (AP) plays an important role in bone mineralization. Considering that TN-AP is expressed in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, renal epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, and that TN-AP is both a calcium-/phosphate-binding protein and a phosphohydrolytic enzyme, we hypothesize that membrane-bound AP also plays an important role in the initiation of physiological and pathological mineralizations in tissues other than bone and cartilage. To test this hypothesis, nonosteoblast cell lines, including a fibroblast line, a renal epithelial line, and a capillary endothelial line, were stably transfected to express high levels of rat bone AP on their cell surfaces. These rat bone AP-expressing cells were then cultured on filter membranes in the presence or absence of β-glycerol phosphate. von Kossa staining for calcium phosphate and transmission electron microscopy with electron diffraction analysis for minerals were employed to investigate the effect of membrane AP on extracellular calcium phosphate mineralization. Our results indicated that AP expression on these nonosteoblast-like cell surfaces have induced extracellular hydroxyapatite (HAP) mineralization. Our findings support the concept that membrane-bound AP contributes to extracellular apatitic mineralization by mechanisms that do not necessarily involve its hydrolase activity. They also suggest that AP might be important for the initiation of pathological mineralization in nonosteogenic tissues. Received: 11 January 1996 / Accepted: 31 October 1996     

Altered vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene expression in the fetal rat suprachiasmatic nucleus following prenatal serotonin deficiency

This study has evaluated the possible role of serotonin, a potential morphogen, in the regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the target neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) before and after the onset of the serotonin neurotransmitter function. VIP gene expression was quantified by in situ hybridization of the corresponding mRNA on cryostat sections with subsequent film autoradiography and densitometry. The content of VIP mRNA was measured in the SCN in fetuses at the 21st embryonic day (E21) and in postnatal rats at day 11 (P11) following chronic depletion of serotonin by p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. This inhibitor was daily injected to pregnant rats for E13–20 or to postnatal animals for P2–10. Results of this study indicate that prenatal serotonin depletion caused a significant increase in VIP mRNA content in the SCN compared to control fetuses. On the contrary, the same treatment performed postnatally did not change VIP mRNA levels in the SCN. These data suggest that the VIP gene expression in differentiating target neurons of the SCN might be under serotonin inhibitory control during prenatal neurogenesis, prior to the onset of the serotoninergic neurotransmission.     

胃粘膜肠上皮化生与胃癌关系的粘液组织化学和免疫组织化学研究

应用ＡＢ（ｐＨ１．０）ＫＯＨ／ＰＡＳ粘液组织化学和ＡＢＣ法凝集素标记免疫组织化学方法对１９０例胃粘膜标本进行观察。结果表明，结肠不完全型肠上皮化生多见于肠型癌及其癌旁组织。在形态学和功能上，显示出一定程度的分化不成熟。两型肠化在弥漫型癌中无显著差异。５种凝集素受体含量和分布的差异与胃癌的组织学类型和分化程度有关，凝集素肠化分型和组织学类型的关系与粘液组化染色基本相符。我们认为不完全型肠化与肠型胃癌的发生关系密切，而完全型肠化可能与弥漫型胃癌有关。应用ＡＢ／ＫＯＨ／ＰＡＳ染色进行肠化分型和凝集素标记，对于癌前病变的检测和癌的早期诊断都具有一定价值。