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41.
Akira Kasuya Jun‐ichi Sakabe Reiko Kageyama Shigeki Ikeya Toshiharu Fujiyama Yoshiki Tokura 《The Journal of dermatology》2014,41(6):542-544
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and HSV‐2 is available for use. Sometimes the differential diagnosis of the generalized herpes zoster (HZ), HSV1/2, and drug eruption is difficult. We report a case of HZ followed by the vesicular erythema multiforme (EM)‐like lesion. In this case the use of PCR was of great assistance. A 78‐year‐old Japanese man without any significant previous history of disease was admitted to our hospital complaining of zosteriform vesicle on an erythematous base from his right shoulder to the upper arm. We diagnosed him with HZ at the level of right Th2. In spite of the prompt start of antiviral therapy, a secondary new vesiculous erythema developed on his trunk. Clinically, it was quite difficult to differentiate the lesion from the generalized HZ. Rapid PCR assay of effusion and crust for VZV was performed. A PCR assay of VZV was positive for the crust taken from the primary lesion, while it was negative for the effusion and crust of the secondary widespread lesion. We diagnosed the secondary widespread lesion as an EM‐type drug eruption induced by acyclovir, or an EM associated with herpes zoster. We then stopped the use of acyclovir and applied steroid ointment of a very strong class for the secondary lesions, which improved after a few days. A PCR assay for VZV was useful for ruling out the generalized HZ in our case with secondary developed vesiculous lesions. 相似文献
42.
Arnaud Jabouille Maylis Delugin Rapha?l Pineau Alexandre Dubrac Fabienne Soulet Stéphanie Lhomond Nestor Pallares-Lupon Hervé Prats Andreas Bikfalvi Eric Chevet Christian Touriol Michel Moenner 《Oncotarget》2015,6(28):24922-24934
IRE1α is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane signaling protein and a cellular stress sensor. The protein harbors a cytosolic dual kinase/endoribonuclease activity required for adaptive responses to micro-environmental changes. In an orthotopic xenograft model of human glioma, invalidation of IRE1α RNase or/and kinase activities generated tumors with remarkably distinct phenotypes. Contrasting with the extensive angiogenesis observed in tumors derived from control cells, the double kinase/RNase invalidation reprogrammed mesenchymal differentiation of cancer cells and produced avascular and infiltrative glioblastomas with blood vessel co-option. In comparison, selective invalidation of IRE1α RNase did not compromise tumor angiogenesis but still elicited invasive features and vessel co-option. In vitro, IRE1α RNase deficient cells were also endowed with a higher ability to migrate. Constitutive activation of both enzymes led to wild-type-like lesions. The presence of IRE1α, but not its RNase activity, is therefore required for glioblastoma neovascularization, whereas invasion results only from RNase inhibition. In this model, two key mechanisms of tumor progression and cancer cell survival are functionally linked to IRE1α. 相似文献
43.
Despite 6 decades of research, only 3 drugs have been approved for astrocytomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors. However, clinical drug development is accelerating with the transition from empirical, cytotoxic therapy to precision, targeted medicine. Preclinical animal model studies are critical for prioritizing drug candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, for their regulatory approval. For decades, only murine models with established tumor cell lines were available for such studies. However, these poorly represent the genomic and biological properties of human astrocytomas, and their preclinical use fails to accurately predict efficacy in clinical trials. Newer models developed over the last 2 decades, including patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mice, and genetically engineered cells purified from human brains, more faithfully phenocopy the genomics and biology of human astrocytomas. Harnessing the unique benefits of these models will be required to identify drug targets, define combination therapies that circumvent inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms, and develop molecular biomarkers predictive of drug response and resistance. With increasing recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of astrocytomas, employing multiple, contemporary models in preclinical drug studies promises to increase the efficiency of drug development for specific, molecularly defined subsets of tumors. 相似文献
44.
Shihai Liu Junfeng Sun Qing Lan 《International journal of clinical and experimental pathology》2014,7(8):4857-4866
Glioblastoma tumor cells release microvesicles, which contain mRNA, miRNA and angiogenic proteins. These tumor-derived microvesicles transfer genetic information and proteins to normal cells. Previous reports demonstrated that the increased microvesicles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with glioblastoma up-regulate procoagulant activity. The concentration of microvesicles was closely related to thromboembolism incidence and clinical therapeutic effects of glioblastoma patients. However, it is still not clear how CSF microvesicles and what factors affect glioblastoma development. In this study, we collected the plasma and CSF from glioblastoma patients and healthy volunteers. Microvesicles acquired from serum or CSF were added to cultured endothelial cells. And the effects of these microvesicles on endothelial cells were examined. Our results showed that microvesicles from CSF of patients, but not from circulating blood, promoted endothelial cells migration and proliferation in vitro. In addition, the degree of endothelial cell proliferation triggered by microvesicles from CSF was reduced when treated with siRNA targeting Akt/beta-catenin, suggesting that the Akt/beta-catenin pathway is involved in the microvesicle-initiated endothelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, glioblastoma mainly affects microvesicles within CSF without showing significant impact on microvesicles in circulating blood. Microvesicles from the CSF of glioblastoma patients may initiate endothelial cell growth and thus promote cell invasion. This effect may be directly exerted by activated Akt/beta-catenin pathway. 相似文献
45.
《Expert opinion on biological therapy》2013,13(10):1449-1453
Background: Angiogenesis is common in cancer and reflects the requirement for a vascular network to support continued uncontrolled growth. Two strategies of antiangiogenic therapy have emerged; one targeting VEGF (growth-factor-ligand-based antagonists) and the second targeting VEGF receptor (receptor-based antagonists, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Methods: The literature as reviewed by Reardon et al. regarding treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) with antiangiogenic therapy (predominantly ligand-based and administered in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy) reports response rates of 30 – 60% and 6-month progression-free survival of 25 – 50%. Problems include new antiangiogenic-class side effects and control of administration and timing in relation to surgery. Results/conclusions: Ligand-based antiangiogenic therapy is a compelling targeted therapy for HGG and will continue to emerge as an important antiglioma therapy. Further studies are required to define the population of patients in whom this therapy is of benefit, identify the optimal dose and schedule, characterize the value of co-administered (cytotoxic and targeted) therapies and establish validated response measures. 相似文献
46.
Fulfilling the promise of precision medicine requires accurately and precisely classifying disease states. For cancer, this includes prediction of survival time from a surfeit of covariates. Such data presents an opportunity for improved prediction, but also a challenge due to high dimensionality. Furthermore, disease populations can be heterogeneous. Integrative modeling is sensible, as the underlying hypothesis is that joint analysis of multiple covariates provides greater explanatory power than separate analyses. We propose an integrative latent variable model that combines factor analysis for various data types and an exponential proportional hazards (EPH) model for continuous survival time with informative censoring. The factor and EPH models are connected through low-dimensional latent variables that can be interpreted and visualized to identify subpopulations. We use this model to predict survival time. We demonstrate this model's utility in simulation and on four Cancer Genome Atlas datasets: diffuse lower-grade glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma. These datasets have small sample sizes, high-dimensional diverse covariates, and high censorship rates. We compare the predictions from our model to three alternative models. Our model outperforms in simulation and is competitive on real datasets. Furthermore, the low-dimensional visualization for diffuse lower-grade glioma displays known subpopulations. 相似文献
47.
Nobiletin,a Polymethoxylated Flavone,Inhibits Glioma Cell Growth and Migration via Arresting Cell Cycle and Suppressing MAPK and Akt Pathways 下载免费PDF全文
Ray‐Jade Chen Hou‐Chang Chiu Jia‐Lun Wu Ming‐Yi Shen Duen‐Suey Chou Joen‐Rong Sheu Kuan‐Hung Lin Wan‐Jung Lu 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2016,30(2):214-221
Nobiletin, a bioactive polymethoxylated flavone (5,6,7,8,3',4'‐hexamethoxyflavone), is abundant in citrus fruit peel. Although nobiletin exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells, the effect of nobiletin on glioma cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nobiletin on the human U87 and Hs683 glioma cell lines. Treating glioma cells with nobiletin (20–100 µm ) reduced cell viability and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, as detected using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively; however, nobiletin did not induce cell apoptosis according to PI‐annexin V double staining. Data from western blotting showed that nobiletin significantly attenuated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinase 2, cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and E2 promoter‐binding factor 1 (E2F1) and the phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinases, including p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Our data also showed that nobiletin inhibited glioma cell migration, as detected by both functional wound healing and transwell migration assays. Altogether, the present results suggest that nobiletin inhibits mitogen‐activated protein kinase and Akt/protein kinase B pathways and downregulates positive regulators of the cell cycle, leading to subsequent suppression of glioma cell proliferation and migration. Our findings evidence that nobiletin may have potential for treating glioblastoma multiforme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
Muhammad Imran Tanweer Aslam Gondal Muhammad Atif Muhammad Shahbaz Tahira Batool Qaisarani Muhammad Hanif Mughal Bahare Salehi Miquel Martorell Javad Sharifi‐Rad 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2020,34(8):1812-1828
Apigenin is an edible plant‐derived flavonoid that has been reported as an anticancer agent in several experimental and biological studies. It exhibits cell growth arrest and apoptosis in different types of tumors such as breast, lung, liver, skin, blood, colon, prostate, pancreatic, cervical, oral, and stomach, by modulating several signaling pathways. Apigenin induces apoptosis by the activation of extrinsic caspase‐dependent pathway by upregulating the mRNA expressions of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and TNF‐α. It induces intrinsic apoptosis pathway as evidenced by the induction of cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase‐3, while caspase‐8, TNF‐α, and B‐cell lymphoma 2 levels remained unchanged in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cells. Apigenin treatment leads to significant downregulation of matrix metallopeptidases‐2, ?9, Snail, and Slug, suppressing invasion. The expressions of NF‐κB p105/p50, PI3K, Akt, and the phosphorylation of p‐Akt decreases after treatment with apigenin. However, apigenin‐mediated treatment significantly reduces pluripotency marker Oct3/4 protein expression which might be associated with the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling. 相似文献
49.
《Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))》2014,26(7):419-430
Medical treatments for glioblastoma face several challenges. Lipophilic alkylators remain the mainstay of treatment, emphasising the primacy of good blood–brain barrier penetration. Temozolomide has emerged as a major contributor to improved patient survival. The roles of procarbazine and vincristine in the procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) schedule have attracted scrutiny and several lines of evidence now support the use of lomustine as effective single-agent therapy. Bevacizumab has had a convoluted development history, but clearly now has no major role in first-line treatment, and may even be detrimental to quality of life in this setting. In later disease, clinically meaningful benefits are achievable in some patients, but more impressively the combination of bevacizumab and lomustine shows early promise. Over the last decade, investigational strategies in glioblastoma have largely subscribed to the targeted kinase inhibitor paradigm and have mostly failed. Low prevalence dominant driver lesions such as the FGFR-TACC fusion may represent a niche role for this agent class. Immunological, metabolic and radiosensitising approaches are being pursued and offer more generalised efficacy. Finally, trial design is a crucial consideration. Progress in clinical glioblastoma research would be greatly facilitated by improved methodologies incorporating: (i) routine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments by preoperative dosing; and (ii) multi-stage, multi-arm protocols incorporating new therapy approaches and high-resolution biology in order to guide necessary improvements in science. 相似文献
50.
目的 探讨miR-153对胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法 体外培养胶质母细胞瘤细胞系U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞,分别转染miR-153质粒(miR-153组)、空载质粒(载体组)和miR-153突变质粒(miR-153突变组),另设置空白对照组(不转染任何质粒)。RT-PCR检测miR-153、FOXR2、CDK8和CDK13的表达,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力。结果 miR-153组U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞miR-153表达水平较载体组和空白对照组显著上升(P<0.05),细胞增殖水平较载体组和空白对照组均显著降低(P<0.05)。miR-153组U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞FXOR2、CDK8和CDK13的mRNA水平较miR-153突变组、载体组和空白对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),而后三组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 miR-153抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖,其机制可能与抑制FXOR2、CDK8和CDK13表达有关。 相似文献