内镜逆行胰胆管造影介导光动力疗法治疗胆管癌研究进展

胆管癌恶性程度高,早期诊断困难,绝大多数患者被确诊时已不可行手术切除,患者生存质量低,生存 周期短,传统放射治疗和化学药物治疗效果欠佳且不良反应大,因而缺乏有效的控制手段。内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)是诊断和治疗胆道疾病的重要手段,而光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)作为胆管癌的一种新的局部治疗方法优势明显。近年来,ERCP介导的PDT治疗胆管癌的研究在国外逐 渐兴起。其可有效缓解胆管癌患者的症状,提高生存质量,延长生存期,有望成为治疗胆管癌的新手段。     

小儿鼻颅底针形内窥镜的检查与手术

目的：探讨应用针形内窥镜对小儿鼻颅底疾病进行探查与手术的方法及疗效。方法：在外径１．９ｍｍ的进口针形内窥镜及电视同图像系统监视下,对８例小儿（７ｄ￣１２岁）鼻颅底有关疾病进行探杳与手术。结果：先天性后鼻孔闭锁３例中,１例好转,３例痊愈。外伤性脑脊液鼻漏１例,经修补痊愈先天性脑膜脑膨出２例,确诊后１例暂缓治疗。另１例行内窥镜手术痊愈。颅底神经母细胞瘤２例取材作病理检查确诊。结论：在电视图像监视下应用     

单侧双通道内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术的研究进展

单侧双通道内镜下腰椎椎间融合术是采用双通道在持续冲洗及内镜直视下行腰椎椎体间减压及融合的手术,具有手术器械简单、操作灵活性强、创伤小、学习曲线相对平缓等优势,常应用于腰椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄及腰椎滑脱等腰椎退行性疾病。随着该术式在脊柱疾病中的广泛应用,一些潜在的优势及不足也逐渐被发现。单侧双通道内镜下腰椎椎间融合术的手术入路有两种：后路腰椎椎体间融合术（PLIF）和经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术（TLIF）。目前研究较多的是TLIF,本文就单侧双通道内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合手术在腰椎退行性疾病中的临床疗效进行阐述。     

121例早期胃癌的临床诊断

探讨如何识别早期胃癌并提高其诊断水平。方法对本院内镜室近１０年来经内镜和手术病理诊断的１２１例早期胃癌作一回顾性分析。对性别年龄构成、临床表现、病变部位、内镜分型、肿瘤大小、病理类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、生存率等资料作了统计分析。结果本组资料中早期胃癌检出率为１４．７５％,其好发于５０～６９岁男性,临床症状缺乏特异性,６０％以上好发于胃窦部和胃角。其中凹陷型最多见,浅表型较少见,小胃癌与微小胃癌共占２７．２％。青年组中病理示分化不良者较老年组中为多。肿瘤浸润深度与其大小及分化程度密切相关。淋巴结转移与其浸润深度及分化程度相关。早期胃癌５年生存率为９０．１％。结论应重视胃癌癌前期病变的随访,改进设备并努力提高内镜检查技术以不断提高早期胃癌的诊断水平,改善预后。     

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in burn patients

Background: Prolonged enteral feedings are required occasionally in seriously burned individuals. We have employed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in selected patients who require particularly prolonged access, thus prompting this review. Methods: The PEG procedure was performed under general anesthesia in combination with another surgical procedure using a variety of commercially available needle and guidewire kits in 14 patients. Results: These 14 patients had an average age of 55.2 ± 6.6 years and a burn involving 38 ± 8% of the body surface. Eleven of these patients had suffered an inhalation injury. The tubes were placed an average of 57 ± 10.5 days after injury through unburned and unharvested skin in four patients (28%), healed donor sites in five patients (35%), healed burn in one patient (1%), and grafted burn in four patients (28%). One patient, whose catheter was placed through a grafted fascial excision, developed moderate local wound erosion. Tubes were known to have been left in place as long as 155 days. However, most were removed in rehabilitation hospitals, and we were unable to determine how long most were left in place. We are unaware of any problems with the tubes occurring after discharge from the acute care setting. Conclusions: In selected patients, PEG can provide more comfortable access for prolonged enteral feedings than nasogastric tubes and can be placed with minimal morbidity. Received: 29 March 1998/Accepted: 1 August 1998     

可膨式金属胆道支架解除恶性胆管梗阻的临床应用及其疗效分析

目的 探讨可膨式金属胆道支架支解除恶性胆管梗阻的中远期疗效及初步分析影响疗效的因素,方法 １３４例各类恶性肿瘤导致胆管梗阻的患者接受金属支架放置术,其中内镜下经乳头放置１２８例,经皮经肝放置６例,随访引流效果并与同期９７例内镜下放置塑料支架的患者进行对比。结果 操作成功率９５．７％,并发症６．４％,黄疸消除率８５．６％,金属支架的平均通畅期为３００天,明显高于塑料支轲的８０天（Ｐ〈０．０１）;平均     

Gastrostomy feeding in advanced Huntington's disease

This case study reports the progress of a 41-year-old man with advanced Huntington's disease (HD) during a 12-week period when he was fed a high-energy regimen via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The regimen consisted of a low-protein, low-mineral, energy-dense (2 kcal mL^?1) carbohydrate polymer. Achieving weight gain with a 1.5 kcal mL^?1 feed and carbohydrate polymer had produced steady but slow results (52–56 kg – a rise of 4 kg in 15 months). It was concluded that a more energy-dense regimen would facilitate faster weight gain.     

Audit‐derived guidelines for training in endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) – protecting patients during the learning curve

The objective of the present study is to propose guidelines to ensure safe practice in teaching centres while allowing endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) training to proceed. A prospective complications audit of ESS procedures was undertaken over a 5‐year period (January 1996–December 2000). The results have been used to form specific guidelines for safe and effective ESS training. A total of 500 patients underwent ESS during the 5‐year period. The senior author was the main surgeon in 55% of cases with the trainee observing or assisting. A supervised trainee was the main surgeon in 45% of cases. The overall complication rate was 1.2% (n = 6) (i.e. 0.7% for the 815 procedures performed). These were all minor complications. We encountered no major complications in 500 patients over the 5‐year period. This audit shows that training need not compromise patient safety provided it is phased and structured. We propose appropriate phases and suggest the minimum requirements for units involved in ESS training.     

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术及其临床应用的研究

目的　探讨经皮内镜下胃造瘘术 (PEG)的方法及有关临床问题。方法　对需胃肠营养而无法经口进食的 2 4例患者行PEG术。结果　行PEG术后置管 3d～ 3个月 14例 ;置管 3个月以上 10例 ,其中置管 1年以上 4例 ;并发造瘘口周围感染 2例 ,造瘘管脱落 2例 ,胃潴留 1例 ,脾破裂 1例。结论　PEG术后无肺部感染并发症 ,能有效改善病人的营养状况 ,促进康复 ,提高生活质量 ,是内镜治疗的经典之作     

腹腔镜深筋膜下静脉交通支断离术联合Muller术治疗下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能不全

目的探讨腹腔镜下静脉交通支断离术（subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery，SEPS）联合Muller术治疗下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能的可行性．方法行静脉顺行造影诊断下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能不全患肢41条，随机选择31条患肢行SEPS术，在深筋膜下断离病变交通支，联合Muller术抽剥浅表曲张静脉，保留健康大隐静脉．10条患肢作为对照组，行传统大隐静脉抽剥术．结果曲张静脉团块消失，下肢静脉血淤滞得到解决，色素沉着减轻，溃疡愈合，随访5-11月无复发．与对照组相比，手术时间平均缩短1．5h，缝合创口平均减少4．3个，住院时间平均缩短4．8d，差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）．结论SEPS联合Muller术适合个体化微创治疗下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能不全，创伤小，恢复快．